Extending ggplot2 for Linked and Animated Web Graphics

Interactive web graphics are great for communication and knowledge sharing, but are difficult to leverage during the exploratory phase of a data science workflow. Even before the web, interactive graphics helped data analysts quickly gather insight from data, discover the unexpected, and develop better model diagnostics. Although web technologies make interactive graphics more accessible, they are not designed to fit inside an exploratory data analysis (EDA) workflow where rapid iteration between data manipulation, modeling, and visualization must occur. To better facilitate exploratory web graphics that are easily distributed, we need better interfaces between statistical computing environments (e.g., the R language) and client-side web technologies. We propose the R package animint for rapid creation of linked and animated web graphics through a simple extension of ggplot2’s implementation of the Grammar of Graphics. The extension allows one to write ggplot2 code and produce a standalone web page with multiple linked views. Supplementary material for this article is available online.     

Thieno [2,3 -b] pyridines and thieno [ 3,2 -b] pyridines by the method of gould-jacobs

Bis(2-, and 3-thienylammonium) hexachlorostannates were condensed with ethoxymethylene derivatives of active methylene compounds in pyridine. The resulting condensation products IVa-IVc and Va-Vc on heating under reflux in Dowtherm or diphenyl ether provided various 4-hydroxythieno[2,3-b] pyridines (Ia-Ic) and 7-hydroxythieno[3,2-b]pyridines (IIa-IIc). The compound Ic on further transformations gave yet other derivatives If-Ik.     

On ‐null sequences and their relatives

Let and , where is the conjugate index of p. We prove an omnibus theorem, which provides numerous equivalences for a sequence in a Banach space X to be a ‐null sequence. One of them is that is ‐null if and only if is null and relatively ‐compact. This equivalence is known in the “limit” case when , the case of the p‐null sequence and p‐compactness. Our approach is more direct and easier than those applied for the proof of the latter result. We apply it also to characterize the unconditional and weak versions of ‐null sequences.     

Empirical model for electron impact ionization cross sections of neutral atoms

A simple empirical formula is proposed for the rapid calculation of electron impact total ionization cross sections both for the open- and closed-shell neutral atoms considered in the range 1≤ Z≤92 and the incident electron energies from threshold to about 10⁴ eV. The results of the present analysis are compared with the available experimental and theoretical data. The proposed model provides a fast method for calculating fairly accurate electron impact total ionization cross sections of atoms. This model may be a prudent choice, for the practitioners in the field of applied sciences e.g. in plasma modeling, due to its simple inherent structure.     

Mechanism for the deamination of ammeline,guanine, and their analogues

Structural Chemistry - Mechanisms for the deamination of ammeline (AMN), guanine (Gua), and their analogues with nH2O (n = 1–3) have been investigated using B3LYP and...     

The presence of radioactive and metal contaminants in wild mushrooms grown in Chattogram hill tracts,Bangladesh

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - Wild mushrooms are considered as bioindicators of environmental pollution. Different species of mushrooms (edible and medicinal), commonly...     

Thin film confinement reduces compatibility in symmetric ternary block copolymer/homopolymer blends

The thin film phase behavior of ternary blends consisting of symmetric poly(styrene) (PS)-b-poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS), PS, and PDMS was investigated using X-ray reflectivity (XRR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). This system is strongly segregated, and the homopolymers are approximately the same length as the corresponding blocks of the copolymer. The XRR and AFM data are used to quantify changes in domain spacing (L) and morphology evolution with increasing homopolymer content (Φ _H). In 100 nm thick films, from Φ _H = 0 to 0.20, the system maintains a perfect parallel lamellar structure and domains swell as predicted based on theory; however, from Φ _H = 0.30 to 0.50, a morphology transition to a “dot pattern” morphology (tentatively identified as perforated lamellae) and mixed morphologies were observed before macrophase separation. In thicker films, dot patterns were observed for a broad range of Φ _H before macrophase separation. The absence of the bicontinuous microemulsion phase reported for bulk blends and thin films of perpendicular lamellae and the presence of dot patterns/perforated lamellae are attributed to preferential migration of the PDMS homopolymer to the wetting layers located at the substrate and free air interfaces, which leads to an asymmetric composition within the film and morphology transition. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 1443–1451     

Excitation functions of 93Nb(p,x) reactions from threshold to 42.5 MeV

Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry - The excitation functions of 93Nb(p,x) reactions from their respective thresholds to 42.5 MeV were measured at the MC-50 cyclotron of...     

Synthesis,characterization and in vitro cytotoxicity of Pt-TiO<Subscript>2</Subscript> nanoparticles

The adverse toxicological profile of cisplatin (cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (II)), characterized by nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity is the main factor that limit the clinical usefulness of this antineoplastic drug, specifically the possibility of applying it in effective high-dose regimens. In order to overcome these disadvantages, many efforts in the search for new drugs have been made. Due to this particularity, we obtained via sol–gel process Pt(acac)₂–TiO₂ (NPt) nanostructured materials with antitumoral activity to be used as an alternative in the treatment of cancer tumors. The biocatalysts were prepared by the sol–gel route using the complex Pt(acac)₂. Sol–gel parameters were controlled in order to obtain high platinum dispersion and particles in the nano-size range. TEM, FTIR, N₂ adsorption and XPS characterization studies of the samples were carried out. In order to investigate interactions between the biocatalyst and DNA, agarose gel electrophoresis was performed, and we observed the formation of DNA adducts. 45 minutes after contact, NPt completely degraded the DNA (cisplatin 120 minutes). These results demonstrate that using a metal supported and dispersed over an inorganic biocompatible oxide, can be effectively used in the treatment of localized tumors.     

Green Synthesis of Nickel Oxide Nanoparticles from Berberis balochistanica Stem for Investigating Bioactivities

Green synthesis of nanomaterials is advancing due to its ease of synthesis, inexpensiveness, nontoxicity and renewability. In the present study, an eco-friendly biogenic method was developed for the green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) using phytochemically rich Berberis balochistanica stem (BBS) extract. The BBS extract was rich in phenolics, flavonoids and berberine. These phytochemicals successfully reduced and stabilised the NiNO₃ (green) into NiONPs (greenish-gray). BBS-NiONPs were confirmed by using UV-visible spectroscopy (peak at 305 nm), X-ray diffraction (size of 31.44 nm), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (identified -OH group and Ni-O formation), energy dispersive spectroscopy (showed specified elemental nature) and scanning electron microscopy (showed rhombohedral agglomerated shape). BBS-NiONPs were exposed to multiple in vitro bioactivities to ascertain their beneficial biological applications. They exhibited strong antioxidant activities: total antioxidant capacity (64.77%) and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (71.48%); and cytotoxic potential: Brine shrimp cytotoxicity assay with IC₅₀ (10.40 µg/mL). BBS-NiONPs restricted the bacterial and fungal pathogenic growths at 1000, 500 and 100 µg/mL. Additionally, BBS-NiONPs showed stimulatory efficacy by enhancing seed germination rate and seedling growth at 31.25 and 62.5 µg/mL. In aggregate, BBS extract has a potent antioxidant activity which makes the green biosynthesis of NiONPs easy, economical and safe. The biochemical potential of BBS-NiONPs can be useful in various biomedical and agricultural fields.