Flattened chromatic dispersion in square photonic crystal fibers with low confinement losses

This research presents a simple index-guiding square photonic crystal fibers (SPCFs) that has a silica core surrounded by air hole with two different diameters. It is demonstrated that the designed two-different-size hole-arrayed index-guiding SPCFs has a ultra-flattened chromatic dispersion of 0 ± 0.9 ps/(nm·km) in a wavelength range of 1.34 to 1.61 μm and low confinement loss of less than 10⁻⁷ dB/m in a wavelength range of 1.2 to 1.7 μm. It has also been shown that the proposed SPCFs show reasonable dispersion tolerance.     

Probabilistic evaluation of interconnectable capacity for wind power generation

We propose a novel framework for probabilistic evaluation of interconnectable capacity for wind power generation. This is based on mathematical modeling of load frequency control systems, which captures their nonlinear (saturation and rate limiting) dynamical characteristics, and stochastic uncertainty of wind power output deviation. The method called stochastic linearization is used to analyze resulting power quality. The effectiveness of the proposed method is examined by numerical simulation.     

A practical synthesis of L-ribose

L-Ribose was synthesized by a simple four-step method with overall yield of 76.3% from a protected L-arabinose derivative, which is a compatible intermediate for the synthesis of L-deoxyribose. The key step of this strategy is the Swern oxidation and subsequent stereoselective reduction accompanied by inversion of the 2-hydroxy group of protected L-arabinose.     

Catalytic and highly regiospecific carbon-carbon bond formation at alpha-position of Michael acceptor by palladium complex

Activated olefins react with allyl acetates and Bu3SnH in the presence of a catalytic amount of a palladium catalyst to afford the corresponding products which construct a new C-C bond selectively at the alpha-position of Michael acceptors.     

Novel synthesis of L-ribose from D-mannono-1,4-lactone

[reaction: see text] D-Mannono-1,4-lactone was efficiently converted into L-ribose in eight steps. A key step of this synthesis is the cyclization of a gamma-hydroxyalkoxamate under Mitsunobu conditions. It is noteworthy that the O-alkylation product was obtained in 94% yield and that none of the N-alkylation product was detected in this cyclization.     

Observation of D+(s)K- and evidence for D+(s)pi- final states in neutral B decays

We report the first observation of a B meson decay that is not accessible by a direct spectator process. The channel B(0)-->D(+)(s)K- is found in a sample of 85 x 10(6) BB; events, collected with the Belle detector at KEKB, with a branching fraction B(B(0)-->D(+)(s)K-)=(4.6(+1.2)(-1.1)+/-1.3) x 10(-5). We also obtain evidence for the B0-->D(+)(s)pi(-) decay with branching fraction B(B0-->D(+)(s)pi(-))=(2.4(+1.0)(-0.8)+/-0.7) x 10(-5). This value may be used to extract a model-dependent value of |V(ub)|.     

Large four-wave mixing of spatially extended excitonic states in thin GaAs layers

We study the size dependence of the nonlinear response of weakly confined excitons for the size region beyond the long wavelength approximation regime. The observed degenerate-four-wave mixing signal of GaAs thin layers exhibits an anomalous size dependence, where the signal is resonantly enhanced at a particular thickness region. The theoretical analysis elucidates that this enhancement is due to the size-resonant enhancement of the internal field with a spatial structure relevant to the nondipole-type excitonic state. These results establish the formerly proposed new type of size dependence of nonlinear response due to the nonlocality induced double resonance.     

Lewis acid mediated claisen-type rearrangement of aryl dienyl ethers

In the presence of BF₃·.OEt₂, aryl dienyl ethers were rearranged under mild conditions to afford dienyl phenols in good yields.     

Comment nonexistence of difficulties with the graph theory of aromaticity

It is stressed that, at present, there are no difficulties with the graph theory of aromaticity as long as a careful definition of resonance energy is used as a measure of aromatic stabilization.