Mulberry Ethanol Extract and Rutin Protect Alcohol-Damaged GES-1 Cells by Inhibiting the MAPK Pathway

Mulberry extract has been proven to have the effect of resisting alcohol damage, but its mechanism is still unclear. In this study, the composition of mulberry ethanol extract (MBE) was identified by LC-MS/MS and the main components of MBE were ascertained by measuring. Gastric mucosal epithelial (GES-1) cells were used to elucidate the mechanism of MBE and rutin (the central part of MBE) helped protect against alcohol damage. The results revealed that phenolics accounted for the majority of MBE, accounting for 308.6 mg/g gallic acid equivalents and 108 substances were identified, including 37 flavonoids and 50 non-flavonoids. The treatment of 400 μg/mL MBE and 320 μM rutin reduced early cell apoptosis and the content of intracellular reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and increased glutathione. The qPCR results indicated that the MBE inhibits the expression of genes in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, including p38, JNK, ERK and caspase-3; rutin inhibits the expression of p38 and caspase-3. Overall, MBE was able to reduce the oxidative stress of GES-1 cells and regulated apoptosis-related genes of the MAPK pathway. This study provides information for developing anti-ethanol injury drugs or functional foods.     

应用理论计算研究MCM-22分子筛相邻酸性位上乙烯和苯的吸附

应用ONIOM计算方法研究了MCM-22分子筛超笼12元环上存在两个酸性位时的酸强度及其与骨架铝之间距离的关系,并研究了乙烯和苯分子吸附的规律.计算采用52T簇模型和B3LYP/6-31G**/MNDO方法.结果表明,存在两个酸性位且两个骨架铝之间间隔1个骨架硅时,酸强度比孤立的酸性位明显降低;当间隔的硅原子数增加时,酸强度呈上升趋势,间隔3个以上骨架硅时,其酸强度与孤立的酸性位几乎没有差别.对于乙烯的吸附,当两个骨架铝之间间隔1~4个骨架硅时,其吸附能几乎没有差别(31~35 kJ/mol);对于苯的吸附,当两个骨架铝之间间隔1个骨架硅时,其吸附能有所提高,因为两个桥羟基同时对苯分子产生氢键吸附作用.当两个骨架铝之间的距离增大时,苯的吸附能几乎相同(21~29 kJ/mol).若两个乙烯分子或苯分子同时吸附在双酸性位上,其吸附能与单个分子在孤立酸性位吸附时几乎没有差别.应用自然键轨道计算分析了吸附配合物的电子结构,进一步探明了乙烯和苯在分子筛酸性位上吸附的本质.     

H-ZSM-5分子筛上的乙烯二聚反应机理的理论计算研究

应用分子力学和量子力学联合的ONIOM2(B3LYP/6-31G(d,p):UFF)计算方法研究了H-ZSM-5分子筛上乙烯二聚反应的机理. 用40T簇模型模拟ZSM-5分子筛位于孔道交叉点的酸性位,对乙烯二聚过程的分步反应和协同反应两种机理进行了考察. 对于分步反应机理,乙烯分子首先通过π-氢键作用在酸性位形成稳定的吸附络合物,再进一步发生质子化并生成乙醇盐中间体,随后乙醇盐与第二个乙烯分子发生碳-碳键结合形成丁醇盐产物. 第一步质子化和第二步碳链聚合的活化能分别为152.88和119.45 kJ/mol, 表明乙烯质子化反应为速控步骤. 对于协同反应机理,乙烯质子化、碳-碳键和碳-氧键生成同时进行,生成丁醇盐,反应的活化能为162.30 kJ/mol, 略高于分步反应机理中的速控步骤. 计算结果表明这两种反应机理之间存在相互竞争.     

Recent Advances of Catalytic Enantioselective Heck Reactions and Reductive-Heck Reactions

Heck reaction is one of the most important carbon-carbon bond forming reactions with wide applications in organic synthesis.Considerable advances of enantiosele...     

Broadband Sheet Parametric Oscillator for x~((2)) Optical Frequency Comb Generation via Cavity Phase Matching

We demonstrate a broadband optical parametric oscillation, using a sheet cavity, via cavity phase-matching. A21.2 THz broad comb-like spectrum is achieved, with a uniform line spacing of 133.0 GHz, despite a relatively large dispersion of 275.4 fs~2/mm around 1064 nm. With 22.6% high slope efficiency, and 14.9 kW peak power handling, this sheet optical parametric oscillator can be further developed for x~((2)) comb.     

“Click handle”-modified 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabino nucleic acid as a synthetic genetic polymer capable of post-polymerization functionalization

The functions of natural nucleic acids such as DNA and RNA have transcended genetic information carriers and now encompass affinity reagents, molecular catalysts, nanostructures, data storage, and many others. However, the vulnerability of natural nucleic acids to nuclease degradation and the lack of chemical functionality have imposed a significant constraint on their ever-expanding applications. Herein, we report the synthesis and polymerase recognition of a 5-(octa-1,7-diynyl)uracil 2′-deoxy-2′-fluoroarabinonucleic acid (FANA) triphosphate. The DNA-templated, polymerase-mediated primer extension using this “click handle”-modified FANA (cmFANA) triphosphate and other FANA nucleotide triphosphates consisting of canonical nucleobases efficiently generated full-length products. The resulting cmFANA polymers exhibited excellent nuclease resistance and the ability to undergo efficient click conjugation with azide-functionalized molecules, thereby becoming a promising platform for serving as a programmable and evolvable synthetic genetic polymer capable of post-polymerization functionalization.

Polymerase-mediated incorporation of a “click handle”-modified fluoroarabinonucleic acid (cmFANA) triphosphate produces a new class of nuclease-resistant, evolvable genetic polymers that can be functionalized with azide-containing molecules.     

流动注射化学发光抑制法测定尼群地平

基于尼群地平在碱性条件下对铁氰化钾鲁米诺化学发光体系有较强的抑制作用,联用流动注射技术建立了测定尼群地平的新方法.本法的线形范围为0.1～100.0 μg/mL,检出限0.02 μg/mL ,此法用于尼群地平片剂含量测量和药典法对照结果满意.     

猪肉中16种性激素的多残留检测方法

采用安捷仑GC/MS5975N能同时对猪肉中16种性激素残留进行筛选、定量和确证.对5.0g肌肉样品的检出限均在0.25～1.0 μg·kg-1之间.猪肉的平均回收率分别为83.7%～107.9%,平均变异系数为6.8%～19.7%.当添加水平为1.0 μgkg-1时,本方法不同批次猪肉回收率的相对标准偏差为7.7%～21.6%,重复性好.另外,与安捷仑GC/MS5973分析相比,采用GC/MS5975N时,雌三醇衍生物定量离子为m/z 876,比m/z 663峰度强.     

Synthesis and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Activity of 1,7-diphenyl-1,4-heptadien-3-ones in LPS-Stimulated BV2 Microglia Via Inhibiting NF-κB/MAPK Signaling Pathways

A series of 1,7-diphenyl-1,4-heptadien-3-ones with various substituents (HO-, CH₃O-, CH₃-, Cl-) on the phenyl rings were synthesized and evaluated for anti-neuroinflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia. The pharmacological results showed that the target compounds bearing methoxy groups greatly inhibited LPS-induced NO release, and that the active compounds CU-19 and CU-21 reduced the level of NO, TNF-α, IL-6 and PGE-2, downregulated the expression of COX-2 and iNOS in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. A study of the mechanism of action revealed that CU-19 and CU-21 inhibited the nuclear translocation of NF-κB and phosphorylation of MAPKs (ERK, JNK, and p38). A preliminary pharmacokinetic study in rats revealed that the pharmacokinetic properties of CU-19 and CU-21 were dramatically ameliorated in comparison with the pharmacokinetic properties of curcumin.