Hydrogels, having nanomaterials (e.g. nanoparticles and nanorods) incorporated inside their polymeric meshes, are generally called hybrid gels/hydrogels. These assemblies combine the properties of both hydrogels and nanomaterials in one system. These responsive hybrid hydrogels, particularly polymerized N-isopropylacrylamide (PoNip) polymeric gels, have been extensively exploited for various multi-disciplinary applications in the literature over the past two decades because of their unique and exquisite particulars. Next generation assemblies have been prepared by using the smart nature of these gels toward the general incentives (e.g. temperature, ionic strength, and pH) in the fields of nanocatalysis, water purification, drug delivery, photonics, and optics. This review presents an overview of the PoNip hybrid assemblies engineered over the past 7 years i.e. 2010–2016 and extensively discusses the interaction of the incorporated nanomaterial with the polymeric chains of the hydrogels as it is the most significant factor which makes these assemblies attractive for all the associated applications. Moreover, this article also describes the preparative routes, properties, classification, and applications of these hybrid hydrogels in the fields of medicine, environment, catalysis, and nanotechnology. 相似文献
In this paper we introduce a class of square integrable processes, denoted by LF, defined in the canonical probability space of the Brownian motion, which contains both the adapted processes and the processes in the Sobolev space L2,2. The processes in the class LF satisfy that for any time t, they are twice weakly differentiable in the sense of the stochastic calculus of variations in points (r, s) such that rs t. On the other hand, processes belonging to the class LF are Skorohod integrable, and the indefinite Skorohod integral has properties similar to those of the Ito integral. In particular we prove a change-of-variable formula that extends the classical Itô formula. Those results are generalization of similar properties proved by Nualart and Pardoux(7) for processes in L2,2. 相似文献
Summary The diffraction of a spherical acoustic wave from the juncture of pressure release (soft) and locally reacting (absorbing)
half-planes in a fluid moving at subsonic velocity is examined. This consideration is important because the point sources
are regarded as better substitutes for real sources than line sources/plane waves. The integral representation of the field
is obtained using integral transforms and the Wiener-Hopf technique. The factorization of the kernel function in the Wiener-Hopf
functional equation is accomplished. The analytic solution of the integrals is obtained by employing asymptotic methods and
the far field is presented. The effect of the Mach number is shown explicitly on the diffracted field. 相似文献
The spectroscopic characterization (1H, 13C{1H} NMR, UV–Vis) and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (scXRD) analysis accomplished by inspection of the Hirshfeld surface of bis(3-thienoyl) disulfide (1) is described. The title compound 1 crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n. The unit cell parameters are a?=?7.9959(3) Å, b?=?6.4348(3) Å, c?=?22.4924(9) Å, β?=?100.108(4)°, V?=?1139.32(8) Å3, Z?=?4, Rgt(F)?=?0.0278, wRref(F2)?=?0.0667. The packing of 1 is dominated by S?O and S?S interactions, giving a 2D layer structure parallel to (101). The X‐ray crystal structure analysis revealed the packing of 1 is dominated by S?O and S?S interactions, giving a 2D layer structure parallel to (101). The intermolecular interactions in 1 were analyzed using the Hirshfeld surface method including 2D fingerprint plots and enrichment ratios (E), which shows that the most favored intermolecular contacts are the O?H and C?S indicated by E values above 1.30. The interaction energies between molecular pairs revealed the importance of the weak O?H and C?S interactions in stabilizing the molecular structure of 1.
Graphic Abstract
Single crystal X-ray structure analysis, DFT calculations and Hirshfeld surface analysis to identify intermolecular interactions within the solid state structure of bis(3-thienoyl) disulfide (1).
The structures of 2‐[(2,3‐dimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]benzenesulfonamide, 2‐[(3,4‐dimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]benzenesulfonamide and 2‐[(2,6‐dimethylphenyl)carbamoyl]benzenesulfonamide, all C15H16N2O3S, are stabilized by extensive intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In all three structures, the sulfonamide and carbamoyl groups are involved in hydrogen bonding. In the 2,3‐dimethyl and 2,6‐dimethyl derivatives, dimeric units and chains of molecules are formed parallel to the c axis. In the 3,4‐dimethyl derivative, the hydrogen bonding creates tetrameric units, resulting in macrocyclic R44(22) rings that form sheets in the ab plane. The three analogues are closely related to the fenamate class of nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs. 相似文献
Using ZnO nanonails, a hydrazine electrochemical sensor has been fabricated, for the first time, which showed a high and reproducible sensitivity of 8.56 microA cm(-2) microM(-1) with a response time less than 5 s, a linear range from 0.1 to 1.2 microM and a correlation coefficient of R = 0.999. The limit of detection (LOD), based on the S/N ratio, was estimated to be 0.2 microM. 相似文献
Chiral BINOL was covalently anchored on two different pore sized mesoporous silica (SBA-15 (7.5 nm) and MCF (14 nm)). These heterogenized ligands were used in Ti-catalyzed asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes. High catalytic activity with excellent enantioselectivity (up to 94% ee) for secondary alcohols was achieved using MCF supported chiral BINOL under heterogeneous reaction conditions. Good to excellent enantioselectivity (ee, 68–91%) was also achieved with various small to bulkier aldehydes. The MCF supported catalyst was reused in multiple catalytic runs without loss of enantioselectivity. 相似文献