Teleportation via decay

We present a rare example of a decay mechanism playing a constructive role in quantum information processing. We show how the state of an atom trapped in a cavity can be teleported to a second atom trapped in a distant cavity by the joint detection of photon leakage from the cavities. The scheme, which is probabilistic, requires only a single three level atom in a cavity. We also show how this scheme can be modified to a teleportation with insurance.     

Structural,optical, electrical and luminescence properties of electron beam evaporated CdSe:In films

CdSe:In films were prepared by electron beam evaporation technique using CdSe and In₂Se₃ (purity ∼99.9%) pellets. The crystal structure of the films with and without Indium, measured by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), showed a typical wurtzite structure, higher Indium doping shifts the peak angle to higher side along with the broadening of the peaks. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) studies indicated binding energies corresponding to 54 eV (Se3d_5/2), 444 eV (In 3d_5/2), 411 eV (Cd 3d_3/2), (Cd 3d_5/2). Atomic force microscope (AFM) studies indicated a uniform surface.The grain size decreases with increase of In doping. A decrease in the band gap was observed with increase of dopant concentration. Resistivity of the films is in the range of 10^‐3 Ωcm. Carrier density was in the range of 10²¹ cm^‐3 for the films. The photolumineasenec spectra (PL) spectra indicated three peaks. The peak intensity decreases as the Indium concentration increases. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Characterizing the surface quality and droplet interface shape for microarray plates

The variation in the surface quality of microarray plates was examined by measuring the contact angles of 480 droplets on five microarray plates. It was found that the measured contact angle did not accurately predict the droplet shape for moderate Bond numbers (~0.5 ≤ N(B) ≤ 5). By defining an apparent contact angle using the ratio of the contact radius to the height, the variance in the predicted interface shape decreased by greater than a factor of 3 for both local and globally averaged characteristics. The error in the predicted droplet height was also reduced by 3 orders of magnitude.     

Synthesis of main-chain chiral quaternary ammonium polymers for asymmetric catalysis using quaternization polymerization

Main-chain chiral quaternary ammonium polymers were successfully synthesized by the quaternization polymerization of cinchonidine dimer with dihalides. The polymerization occurred smoothly under optimized conditions to give novel type of main-chain chiral quaternary ammonium polymers. The catalytic activity of the polymeric chiral organocatalysts was investigated on the asymmetric benzylation of N-(diphenylmethylidene)glycine tert-butyl ester.     

Spectroscopic and thermal studies of γ-glycine crystal grown from potassium bromide for optoelectronic applications

Single crystals of an organic nonlinear optical material γ-glycine have been synthesized by slow evaporation technique from aqueous solutions of α-glycine and potassium bromide at room temperature. Single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the growth of γ phase of glycine. The powder X-ray diffraction of the grown crystal was recorded and indexed. Functional groups present in the sample were identified by FTIR spectral analysis. The optical absorption studies show that the UV cut-off wavelength of γ-glycine is at 238 nm and has a wide transparency window. The thermal characteristics of the grown crystal were determined by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA), which show the thermal stability of the grown crystals. The powder second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of γ-glycine crystals was measured by Kurtz and Perry powder technique using Nd:YAG laser and it was found to be 2.56 times that of potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) crystals.     

过渡金属掺杂铈中晶格氧的活化

采用密度泛函理论计算研究了在铈表面掺杂的过渡金属(TM)离子对表面晶格氧原子活化的影响.为此,测定了经TM离子修饰的CeO2最稳定(111)表面终端的结构和稳定性.除了保持八面体氧配位的锆和铂掺杂剂外, TM掺杂剂在取代表面Ce离子时更倾向于正方形平面配位.除了Pt(1.14 eV)和Zr(正方形平面配位不稳定)外,所有TM掺杂剂的表面结构从八面体到正方形平面都很容易.通常,四价TM阳离子的离子半径比Ce^4+的小得多,从而导致了显著的拉伸应变晶格,并解释了氧空位形成能量的降低.除Zr外,当产生一个氧空位时,优先形成正方形平面结构.热力学分析表明, TM掺杂CeO2表面在典型环境催化条件下存在氧缺陷.一个具有实际意义的例子是锆掺杂CeO2(111)中的晶格氧容易活化,从而有利于CO氧化.研究结果强调了晶格氧活化的本质和TM掺杂剂在TM-铈固溶催化剂中的优选位置.     

Mercaptothiazolinyl functionalized hexapodal and tripodal receptors on benzene platform: formation of silver ion assisted hexanuclear metallocage vs metal-organic polymer

Mercaptothiazolinyl functionalized hexapodal (L(1)) and tripodal (L(2)) receptors on the benzene platform have been synthesized easily in good yields and structurally characterized by a single-crystal X-ray crystallographic study. In the solid state, L(1) shows an orientation of six arms in 1,3,5 vs 2,4,6 facial steric gearing fashion, whereas L(2) adopted C(2v) symmetry where two of its thiazolinyl arms are oriented in one direction and the third arm in the another direction. Two silver complexes of L(1), 1 ([2(L(1))·6(AgClO(4))·2(CHCl(3))·HClO(4)]) and 2 ([2(L(1))·6(AgClO(4))]), that are suitable for single-crystal X-ray studies are isolated upon the slow diffusion of a dimethylformamide solution of AgClO(4) to the solution of L(1) in chloroform and dichloromethane, respectively. Similarly, upon the slow diffusion of an acetonitrile solution of AgClO(4) to the chloroform solution of L(2), colorless crystals of the silver complex of L(2), 3, are successfully isolated. The structural analyses of 1 and 2 show the formation of a silver ion assisted hexanuclear metallocage Ag(6)(L(1))(2) via dimeric assembly of L(1) with multiple clefts and pockets toward guests binding. In 1, two chloroform molecules sit in top and bottom pockets, whereas six perchlorate counteranions are bound in six clefts between the silver ion pillared side arms of the metallocage. Though complex 2 shows the formation of a metallocage like 1, the single crystal structural analysis depicts perchlorate counteranions bonded to the silver atoms of the metallocage. On the contrary, the silver complex of tripodal receptor L(2), 3, shows the formation of a metallo-organic polymeric network of L(2) and Ag(+). To the best of our knowledge, this work represents the first report on the formation of an M(6)L(2) type metallosupramolecular cage topology with multiple clefts for guest binding by a semirigid hexapodal receptor.     

Structural and spectroscopic studies of thin film of silver nanoparticles

We report the deposition of thin film of silver (Ag) nanoparticles by wet chemical method. The as-synthesized Ag nanoparticles have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), field emission transmission electron microscopy (FETEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM), UV-vis spectroscopy and thermogravimetric-differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA) respectively. FESEM image indicates that the silver film prepared on the quartz substrate is smooth and dense. XRD pattern reveals the face-centered cubic (fcc) structure of silver nanoparticles. EDS spectrum indicates that samples are nearly stoichiometric. From TEM analysis, it is found that the size of high purity Ag nanoparticles is ranging from 10 to 20 nm with slight agglomeration. Absorption in UV-vis region by these nanoparticles is characterized by the features reported in the literature, namely, a possible Plasmon peak at ∼403 nm. Optical absorbance spectra analysis reveals that the Ag film has an indirect band structure with bandgap energy 3.88 eV. TGA/DTA studies revealed that a considerable weight loss occurs between 175 and 275 °C; and the reaction is exothermic.     

Time-dependent behavior of passive skeletal muscle

An isotropic three-dimensional nonlinear viscoelastic model is developed to simulate the time-dependent behavior of passive skeletal muscle. The development of the model is stimulated by experimental data that characterize the response during simple uniaxial stress cyclic loading and unloading. Of particular interest is the rate-dependent response, the recovery of muscle properties from the preconditioned to the unconditioned state and stress relaxation at constant stretch during loading and unloading. The model considers the material to be a composite of a nonlinear hyperelastic component in parallel with a nonlinear dissipative component. The strain energy and the corresponding stress measures are separated additively into hyperelastic and dissipative parts. In contrast to standard nonlinear inelastic models, here the dissipative component is modeled using an evolution equation that combines rate-independent and rate-dependent responses smoothly with no finite elastic range. Large deformation evolution equations for the distortional deformations in the elastic and in the dissipative component are presented. A robust, strongly objective numerical integration algorithm is used to model rate-dependent and rate-independent inelastic responses. The constitutive formulation is specialized to simulate the experimental data. The nonlinear viscoelastic model accurately represents the time-dependent passive response of skeletal muscle.     

薄壁杆系结构的梁元分析模型

本文导出了用于薄壁杆系结构弹性分析的薄壁梁元分析模型，在空间梁元分析模型^[3]的基础上，采用了一种改进的位移模式，考察了薄壁杆件可能发生的拉压，剪切，弯曲，扭转和翘曲等各变形形式以及它们的耦合效应，得出了相应的单元形函数，同时从工程应变的定义出发，采用Taylor级数展开的方法，建立了单元的五阶近似正交变表达式，并建立了相应的薄壁单元刚度方程，从而得出了局部坐标系下单元刚度矩阵的显式，根据本文所导出的薄壁梁元分析模型，编制了相应的结构计算程序，通过算例验证了本文所推导的单元刚度矩阵，同时通过与传统空间梁元计算模型计算结果的比较，阐述了截面翘曲对薄壁杆系结构的影响。