全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1328篇 |
免费 | 53篇 |
国内免费 | 2篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 1141篇 |
晶体学 | 11篇 |
力学 | 3篇 |
数学 | 100篇 |
物理学 | 128篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 11篇 |
2022年 | 90篇 |
2021年 | 115篇 |
2020年 | 37篇 |
2019年 | 34篇 |
2018年 | 31篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 66篇 |
2015年 | 43篇 |
2014年 | 63篇 |
2013年 | 111篇 |
2012年 | 122篇 |
2011年 | 108篇 |
2010年 | 83篇 |
2009年 | 59篇 |
2008年 | 72篇 |
2007年 | 56篇 |
2006年 | 70篇 |
2005年 | 65篇 |
2004年 | 29篇 |
2003年 | 29篇 |
2002年 | 20篇 |
2001年 | 15篇 |
2000年 | 7篇 |
1998年 | 2篇 |
1997年 | 1篇 |
1996年 | 4篇 |
1995年 | 3篇 |
1994年 | 1篇 |
1992年 | 1篇 |
1991年 | 1篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有1383条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
901.
Góra RW Zaleśny R Zawada A Bartkowiak W Skwara B Papadopoulos MG Silva DL 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2011,115(18):4691-4700
We report the partitioning of the interaction-induced static electronic dipole (hyper)polarizabilities for linear hydrogen cyanide complexes into contributions arising from various interaction energy terms. We analyzed the nonadditivities of the studied properties and used these data to predict the electric properties of an infinite chain. The interaction-induced static electric dipole properties and their nonadditivities were analyzed using an approach based on numerical differentiation of the interaction energy components estimated in an external electric field. These were obtained using the hybrid variational-perturbational interaction energy decomposition scheme, augmented with coupled-cluster calculations, with singles, doubles, and noniterative triples. Our results indicate that the interaction-induced dipole moments and polarizabilities are primarily electrostatic in nature; however, the composition of the interaction hyperpolarizabilities is much more complex. The overlap effects substantially quench the contributions due to electrostatic interactions, and therefore, the major components are due to the induction and exchange-induction terms, as well as the intramolecular electron-correlation corrections. A particularly intriguing observation is that the interaction first hyperpolarizability in the studied systems not only is much larger than the corresponding sum of monomer properties, but also has the opposite sign. We show that this effect can be viewed as a direct consequence of hydrogen-bonding interactions that lead to a decrease of the hyperpolarizability of the proton acceptor and an increase of the hyperpolarizability of the proton donor. In the case of the first hyperpolarizability, we also observed the largest nonadditivity of interaction properties (nearly 17%) which further enhances the effects of pairwise interactions. 相似文献
902.
Agnieszka Stawarska Tomasz Lepionka Agnieszka Biaek Martyna Gawryjoek Barbara Bobrowska-Korczak 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,25(22)
Pomegranate seed oil (PSO) and bitter melon dried fruits (BME) are used as natural remedies in folk medicine and as dietary supplements. However, the exact mechanism of their beneficial action is not known. The aim of study was to assess how the diet supplementation with PSO and/or with an aqueous solution of Momordica charantia affects the metabolism of fatty acids, fatty acids composition and the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in rat liver. Animals (Sprague-Dawley female rats, n = 48) were divide into four equinumerous groups and fed as a control diet or experimental diets supplemented with PSO, BME or both PSO and BME for 21 weeks. Fatty acids were determined using gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. PSO added to the diet increased the rumenic acid content (p < 0.0001) and increased accumulation of n-6 fatty acids (p = 0.0001) in hepatic tissue. Enrichment of the diet either with PSO or with BME reduced the activity of Δ6-desaturase (D6D) (p = 0.0019), whereas the combination of those dietary factors only slightly increased the effect. Applied dietary supplements significantly reduced the PGE2 level (p = 0.0021). No significant intensification of the influence on the investigated parameters resulted from combined application of PSO and BME. PSO and BME have potential health-promoting properties because they influence fatty acids composition and exhibit an inhibiting effect on the activity of desaturases and thus they contribute to the reduction in the metabolites of arachidonic acid (especially PGE2). 相似文献
903.
Aneta Sulborska Agata Konarska Anna Matysik-Wo
niak Marta Dmitruk Elbieta Weryszko-Chmielewska Agnieszka Skalska-Kamiska Robert Rejdak 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2020,25(24)
Flos Lamii albi has a high biological activity and is widely used in herbal medicine. The aim of the study was to characterize the secretory structures present in Lamium album subsp. album corolla and the location of phenolic compounds. Additionally, we carried out qualitative phytochemical analyses of flavonoids and phenolic acids. Light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyze the structure of the floral organs. The main classes of phenolic compounds and their localization were determined histochemically. Phytochemical analyses were performed with high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Six types of glandular trichomes were found which contained flavonoids, phenolic acids, and tannins. The phytochemical studies demonstrated the presence of caffeic, chlorogenic, ferulic, gallic, p-coumaric, protocatechuic, syringic, gentisic, and vanillic phenolic acids as well as rutoside, isoquercetin, and quercetin flavonoids. The corolla in L. album subsp. album has antioxidant properties due to the presence of various polyphenols, as shown by the histo- and phytochemical analyses. The distribution and morphology of trichomes and the content of phenolic compounds in the corolla have taxonomic, pharmacognostic, and practical importance, facilitating the identification of the raw material. 相似文献
904.
Oleksandr Romanyuk Oliver Supplie Agnieszka Paszuk Jan Philipp Stoeckmann Regan George Wilks Jakob Bombsch Claudia Hartmann Raul Garcia-Diez Shigenori Ueda Igor Bartoš Ivan Gordeev Jana Houdkova Peter Kleinschmidt Marcus Bär Petr Jiříček Thomas Hannappel 《Surface and interface analysis : SIA》2020,52(12):933-938
We present a study of buried GaP/Si(001) heterointerfaces by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Well-defined thin (4–50 nm) GaP films were grown on Si(001) substrates with 2° miscut orientations by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy. Core level photoelectron intensities and valence band spectra were measured on heterostructures as well as on the corresponding reference (bulk) substrates. Detailed analysis of core level peaks revealed line broadening and energetic shifts. Valence band offsets were derived for the films with different thickness. Based on the observed variation of the valence band offsets with the GaP film thickness and on the experimental evidence of line broadening, the existence of charge displacement at the GaP/Si(001) interface is suggested. 相似文献
905.
Agata Siwek Monika Wujec Maria Dobosz Ewa Jagiełło-Wójtowicz Agnieszka Kleinrok Anna Chodkowska 《Phosphorus, sulfur, and silicon and the related elements》2013,188(11):2669-2677
Three 3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4-substituted-Δ 2 -1,2,4-triazoline-5-thiones were synthesized by intramolecular cyclization of 1-(thiophen-2-ylcarbonyl)-4-substituted thiosemicarbazides in alkaline medium. Their effects on the central nervous system (CNS) of mice in some behavioral tests were investigated. All investigated compounds displayed antinociceptive activity. The correlation between the structural features and bioactivity has been discussed. 相似文献
906.
Malgorzata Herman Agnieszka Przybylowicz Ewa Florek Wojciech Piekoszewski 《Journal of Analytical Chemistry》2013,68(4):360-367
A graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS) method was developed for the determination of copper in selected alternative materials. The method is characterised by a low limit of detection, good accuracy and satisfactory precision, while the duration of a single measurement is approximately 80 s. It allowed an application of the developed method to determine copper in small samples of hair and nails with equipment available in most analytical laboratories. The developed GF-AAS method was successfully applied to routine analyses using samples collected from healthy humans. The study has shown similar concentration of copper in fingernails and toenails collected from women and men, which was 2–3 times lower than concentration of this element in hair of both genders. The correlation between concentration of copper in nails and hair allows one to use hair, fingernails and toenails as invariable materials for the evaluation of chronic exposure to copper. 相似文献
907.
Magdalena Jabłońska Lucjan Chmielarz Agnieszka Węgrzyn Katarzyna Guzik Zofia Piwowarska Stefan Witkowski Richard I. Walton Peter W. Dunne František Kovanda 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,114(2):731-747
Layered double hydroxides (LDHs) containing Mg2+, Cu2+ or Zn2+ cations in the MeII positions and Al3+ and Fe3+ in the MeIII positions were synthesized by co-precipitation method. Detailed studies of thermal transformation of obtained LDHs into metal oxide systems were performed using high temperature X-ray diffraction in oxidising and reducing atmosphere, thermogravimetry coupled with mass spectrometry and temperature-programmed reduction. The LDH samples calcined at 600 and 900 °C were tested in the role of catalysts for selective oxidation of ammonia into nitrogen and water vapour. It was shown that all copper congaing samples presented high catalytic activity and additionally, for the Cu–Mg–Al and Cu–Mg–Fe hydrotalcite samples calcined at 600 °C relatively high stability and selectivity to dinitrogen was obtained. An increase in calcination temperature to 900 °C resulted in a decrease of their catalytic activity, possibly due to formation of well-crystallised metal oxide phases which are less catalytically active in the process of selective oxidation of ammonia. 相似文献
908.
Piotr Babiński Grzegorz Łabojko Michalina Kotyczka-Morańska Agnieszka Plis 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2013,113(1):371-378
Coal and char oxycombustion is a complex process because of very high reaction rate of oxygen with coals and chars carbon. Very important process during oxycombustion is diffusion of O2 to surface of coal and char grain. This process can be minimized using small samples and high flow of the gas, but it is also dependent on temperature. For this reason, it is impossible to eliminate diffusion processes which cause significant impact on calculated kinetic parameters. This paper describes the results of thermogravimetric studies of oxycombustion process with evolved gas analysis by FTIR. Ultimate and proximate analysis of coal and char were made. Thermogravimetric experiments of coal and its char oxycombustion were conducted using five heating rates, namely 2.5, 5, 10, 20 and 40 K min?1, and gas mixture composed of 20 % O2 in CO2. Activation energies of coal and char oxycombustion were calculated by isoconversional methods: integral Vyazovkin and differential Friedman. Activation energies for three ranges of heating rates were calculated. This paper shows influence of heating rate on calculated activation energy. The reason of this phenomenon is due to change of the mechanism of coal and char oxycombustion from the chemical kinetic control regime to mixed chemical kinetic–diffusion control regime. 相似文献
909.
910.
Agnieszka Chylewska Artur Sikorski Aleksandra D?browska Lech Chmurzyński 《Central European Journal of Chemistry》2013,11(1):8-15
The title compound, trans-K2[Co(C2O4)2(H2O)2]·4H2O, was synthesised, and characterised by elemental analysis. Acid dissociation constants for the complex were determined by potentiometric titration and calculated by STOICHIO program. The crystal structure of trans-K2[Co(C2O4)2(H2O)2]·4H2O was determined by X-ray diffraction studies. The asymmetric part of the unit cell contains one symmetric anion of oxalate and water molecule bound with Co(II) ion in crystallographic special position, one potassium cation and two molecules of water. Thermal properties of the complex were examined by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A decomposition mechanism is proposed on the basis of the results. 相似文献