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51.
This paper presents the Constructive Cooperative Coevolutionary (\(\mathrm {C}^3\)) algorithm, applied to continuous large-scale global optimisation problems. The novelty of \(\mathrm {C}^3\) is that it utilises a multi-start architecture and incorporates the Cooperative Coevolutionary algorithm. The considered optimisation problem is decomposed into subproblems. An embedded optimisation algorithm optimises the subproblems separately while exchanging information to co-adapt the solutions for the subproblems. Further, \(\mathrm {C}^3\) includes a novel constructive heuristic that generates different feasible solutions for the entire problem and thereby expedites the search. In this work, two different versions of \(\mathrm {C}^3\) are evaluated on high-dimensional benchmark problems, including the CEC’2013 test suite for large-scale global optimisation. \(\mathrm {C}^3\) is compared with several state-of-the-art algorithms, which shows that \(\mathrm {C}^3\) is among the most competitive algorithms. \(\mathrm {C}^3\) outperforms the other algorithms for most partially separable functions and overlapping functions. This shows that \(\mathrm {C}^3\) is an effective algorithm for large-scale global optimisation. This paper demonstrates the enhanced performance by using constructive heuristics for generating initial feasible solutions for Cooperative Coevolutionary algorithms in a multi-start framework.  相似文献   
52.
Here, we present a fast and simple hydrogen peroxide assay that is based on time-resolved fluorescence. The emission intensity of a complex consisting of terbium ions (Tb3+) and phthalic acid (PA) in HEPES buffer is quenched in the presence of H2O2 and this quenching is concentration-dependent. The novel PATb assay detects hydrogen peroxide at a pH range from 7.5 to 8.5 and with a detection limit of 150 nmol L−1 at pH 8.5. The total assay time is less than 1 min. The linear range of the assay can be adapted by a pH adjustment of the aqueous buffer and covers a concentration range from 310 nmol L−1 to 2.56 mmol L−1 in total which encompasses four orders of magnitude. The assay is compatible with high concentrations of all 47 tested inorganic and organic compounds. The PATb assay was applied to quantify H2O2 in polluted river water samples. In conclusion, this fast and easy-to-use assay detects H2O2 with high sensitivity and precision.  相似文献   
53.
Auger electron spectroscopy combined with theoretical calculations has been applied to investigate the decay of the Ca 2p core hole of aqueous Ca(2+). Beyond the localized two-hole final states on the calcium ion, originating from a normal Auger process, we have further identified the final states delocalized between the calcium ion and its water surroundings and produced by core level intermolecular Coulombic decay (ICD) processes. By applying the core-hole clock method, the time scale of the core level ICD was determined to be 33 ± 1 fs for the 2p core hole of the aqueous Ca(2+). The comparison of this time constant to those associated with the aqueous K(+), Na(+), Mg(2+), and Al(3+) ions reveals differences of 1 and up to 2 orders of magnitude. Such large variations in the characteristic time scales of the core level ICD processes is qualitatively explained by different internal decay mechanisms in different ions as well as by different ion-solvent distances and interactions.  相似文献   
54.
The satellite structure of the C1s and O1s photoelectron spectra of chromium hexacarbonyl Cr(CO)6 has been calculated by the INDO/CI method and compared with available high resolution core level photoelectron spectra. A reassignment of some of the lines is made. It is found that the satellite structure in both cases is dominated by excitations from metal-ligand bonding to metal-ligand antibonding Me(3d)-π* orbitals, and that these shake-up excitations involve a significant charge transfer to the core ionized ligand from the rest of the molecule.  相似文献   
55.
In this paper we give a unified framework for the construction of complex valued harmonic morphisms from the real, complex and quaternionic Grassmannians and their non-compact duals. This gives a positive answer to the corresponding open existence problem in the real and quaternionic cases. Mathematics Subject Classifications (2000): 58E20, 53C43, 53C12The author is a member of EDGE, Research Training Network HPRN-CT-2000-00101  相似文献   
56.
In new neutron scattering measurements on4He at saturated vapour pressure (SVP), we have probed to within 0.0007 K of Tλ from below, revealing a dramatic increase in the damping rate of the momentum fluctuations and a marked softening of the roton frequency, with the changes occurring primarily very close to Tλ and being complete at Tλ. In contrast to 20 bars, the roton at SVP does not, however, go completely soft. Above Tλ, the modes are strongly damped and overlapping whereas at 20 bars they are overdamped (non-propagating).  相似文献   
57.
SCF and limited CI calculations have been performed for a number of excited states of doubly ionized water. The calculations allowed an assignment of both the Auger spectrum and most of the satellites in the soft X-ray spectrum. The assignment for the two highest peaks in the Auger spectrum was ambiguous. SCF calculations of the K emission spectrum of H2O were also performed. It was found that limited CI calculations were of importance for some states with two open shells in one symmetry. Such effects are caused by large off-diagonal lagrangian multiplies connecting the open shells in the reference configuration.  相似文献   
58.
59.
A number of glycosphingolipids have been subjected to trifluoroacetolysis. Heating the glycosphingolipid at 100 degrees C for 48 h in mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) varying from 1:1 to 1:100 (v/v) resulted in complete cleavage of the glycosidic bond between the carbohydrate and the unsaturated base of the ceramide. The fatty acid(s) linked to the amino group of sphingosine were also released by transamidation. The carbohydrate portion was stable under these conditions due to stabilization of the glycosidic bonds by the electronegative O-trifluoroacetyl groups. The 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-hexose units in the glycosphingolipids were converted into their N-trifluoroacetyl analogues. The N-trifluoroacetyl functions could be removed and the 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-hexoses could be reconstituted by N-acetylation.  相似文献   
60.
The main purpose of this investigation was to find out if laboratory fatigue tests in tension give results which can be useful in predicting the service life of a vibration isolator.Four natural rubber vulcanizates with different curing systems were used in the tests. The fatigue life in cyclic loading was determined in tension on standard tensile specimens (dumb-bells) and in shear on two types of vibration isolators. The results indicate that the information achieved in tension is relevant for estimating the service life of an isolator. Both relaxing and non-relaxing tests in tension were made and the relaxing tests seem to give the best correlation between dumb-bells and isolators. As the relaxing tests are also the least time-consuming they are to be preferred for material testing.  相似文献   
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