Use of the aerodynamic equivalence method in the determination and analysis of the aerodynamic coefficients of asymmetric bodies

In [1] the validity of the linear method of aerodynamic equivalence (AE) was demonstrated and the results of calculating the aerodynamic characteristics (ADC) of certain asymmetric (nonaxisymmetric) bodies, differing only slightly from the axisymmetric, were presented. In this paper a nonlinear AE method is proposed. This method is based on the principle of the equivalence of two bodies, one of which has a cross section of arbitrary shape while the other has a cross section described by a smooth function. This function is the sun of the first N + 1 terms of the Fourier series of the initial (discontinuous) function describing the shape of the body. The effectiveness of the AE method is illustrated with reference to certain examples of star-shaped bodies. The accuracy of the results obtained is estimated and a comparison is made with the experimental data. It is also shown that the AE method makes it possible to give a simple explanation of certain results of aerodynamics from a new standpoint.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 1, pp. 98–105, January–February, 1986.     

An integral equation technique for scattering problems with mixed boundary conditions

This paper presents an integral formulation for Helmholtz problems with mixed boundary conditions. Unlike most integral equation techniques for mixed boundary value problems, the proposed method uses a global boundary charge density. As a result, Calderón identities can be utilized to avoid the use of hypersingular integral operators. Numerical results illustrate the performance of the proposed solution technique.     

Aerodynamics of an asymmetrically deformed body in nonstationary supersonic motion

A method for making numerical calculations of the stationary and nonstationary aerodynamic characteristics of bodies of variable shape is considered. The results of calculations of the aerodynamic coefficents are given [1]. The results of numerical calculations are compared with the results of Newton's theory.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 162–167, March–April, 1980.     

Heterotypic Supramolecular Hydrogels Formed by Noncovalent Interactions in Inflammasomes

The advance of structural biology has revealed numerous noncovalent interactions between peptide sequences in protein structures, but such information is less explored for developing peptide materials. Here we report the formation of heterotypic peptide hydrogels by the two binding motifs revealed by the structures of an inflammasome. Specifically, conjugating a self-assembling motif to the positively or negatively charged peptide sequence from the ASCPYD filaments of inflammasome produces the solutions of the peptides. The addition of the peptides of the oppositely charged and complementary peptides to the corresponding peptide solution produces the heterotypic hydrogels. Rheology measurement shows that ratios of the complementary peptides affect the viscoelasticity of the resulted hydrogel. Circular dichroism indicates that the addition of the complementary peptides results in electrostatic interactions that modulate self-assembly. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the ratio of the complementary peptides controls the morphology of the heterotypic peptide assemblies. This work illustrates a rational, biomimetic approach that uses the structural information from the protein data base (PDB) for developing heterotypic peptide materials via self-assembly.     

Metallodrug Profiling against SARS-CoV-2 Target Proteins Identifies Highly Potent Inhibitors of the S/ACE2 interaction and the Papain-like Protease PLpro

The global spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has called for an urgent need for dedicated antiviral therapeutics. Metal complexes are commonly underrepresented in compound libraries that are used for screening in drug discovery campaigns, however, there is growing evidence for their role in medicinal chemistry. Based on previous results, we have selected more than 100 structurally diverse metal complexes for profiling as inhibitors of two relevant SARS-CoV-2 replication mechanisms, namely the interaction of the spike (S) protein with the ACE2 receptor and the papain-like protease PL^pro. In addition to many well-established types of mononuclear experimental metallodrugs, the pool of compounds tested was extended to approved metal-based therapeutics such as silver sulfadiazine and thiomersal, as well as polyoxometalates (POMs). Among the mononuclear metal complexes, only a small number of active inhibitors of the S/ACE2 interaction was identified, with titanocene dichloride as the only strong inhibitor. However, among the gold and silver containing complexes many turned out to be very potent inhibitors of PL^pro activity. Highly promising activity against both targets was noted for many POMs. Selected complexes were evaluated in antiviral SARS-CoV-2 assays confirming activity for gold complexes with N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) or dithiocarbamato ligands, a silver NHC complex, titanocene dichloride as well as a POM compound. These studies might provide starting points for the design of metal-based SARS-CoV-2 antiviral agents.     

X-quasinormal subgroups

Considering two subgroups A and B of a group G and ? ≠ X ? G, we say that A is X-permutable with B if AB ^x = B ^x A for some element x ∈ X. We use this concept to give new characterizations of the classes of solvable, supersolvable, and nilpotent finite groups.     

Investigation of hydrate formation in the system H2-CH4-H2O at a pressure up to 250 MPa

Phase equilibria in the system H2-CH4-H2O are investigated by means of differential thermal analysis within hydrogen concentration range 0-70 mol % and at a pressure up to 250 MPa. All the experiments were carried out under the conditions of gas excess. With an increase in hydrogen concentration in the initial gas mixture, decomposition temperature of the formed hydrates decreased. X-ray diffraction patterns and Raman spectra of the quenched hydrate samples obtained at a pressure of 20 MPA from a gas mixture containing 40 mol % hydrogen were recorded. It turned out that the hydrate has cubic structure I under these conditions. The Raman spectra showed that hydrogen molecules are not detected in the hydrate within the sensitivity of the method, that is, almost pure methane hydrate is formed. The general view of the phase diagram of the investigated system is proposed. A thermodynamic model was proposed to explain a decrease in hydrate decomposition temperature in the system with an increase in the concentration of hydrogen in the initial mixture.     

Nonlinear and linear instability of the Rossby-Haurwitz wave

As is known, the large-scale dynamics of barotropic atmosphere can approximately be described by the nonlinear barotropic vorticity equation. It is also well known that the Rossby-Haurwitz (RH) waves, being exact solutions to this equation, represent one of the main features of meteorological fields. Therefore the stability properties of the RH wave are of considerable interest for deeper understanding of the low-frequency variability of the atmosphere. Many works has been devoted to the barotropic instability of flows on a beta-plane and a sphere. However, mathematically, the nonlinear stability problem of the RH wave is still far from its complete solution. Indeed, some of the stability results have been obtained numerically, and hence, contain calculation errors. Severe truncation of perturbations used in the spectral stability analysis, though leads to interesting and useful conclusions, does not allow obtaining comprehensive results. The weak point of some analytical nonlinear instability studies consists in using inappropriate norms for perturbations. It should also be noted that a necessary condition for the linear instability of the RH wave was obtained only recently (Skiba, 2000). In the present work, the nonlinear stability of the RH wave in an ideal incompressible fluid on a rotating sphere is analytically studied. Let H(n) be a subspace of homogeneous spherical polynomials of degree n. Mathematically, a RH wave of degree n is the sum of a super-rotating flow of subspace H(1) and a homogeneous spherical polynomial of subspace H(n). First, we derive a conservation law for arbitrary RH-wave perturbations which asserts that any perturbation evolves in such a way that its kinetic energy E(t) and enstrophy q(t) decrease, remain constant or increase simultaneously. The law is used to divide all the perturbations into three invariant sets depending on the value of their mean spectral number k(t)=q(t)/E(t) introduced by Fjortoft (1953). These sets are denoted as M where k(t)¡n(n+1) (large-scale perturbations), N where k(t)¿n(n+1) (small-scale perturbations), and Z where k(t)=n(n+1) (boundary surface between the sets M and N). Note that Z includes one more invariant set, namely, the subspace H(n). The existence of invariant sets of perturbations allows us to study the RH wave instability in each set separately. (© 2008 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Giant faults in deformed Gum Metal

We have experimentally characterized and theoretically described plastic flow localization in Gum Metal, a special titanium alloy with high strength, low Young’s modulus, excellent cold workability and low resistance to shear in certain crystallographic planes. The electron transmission microscopy experiments demonstrate that plastic flow is localized in giant faults – macroscopic planar defects carrying very large plastic strains (thousand percent or more) – in deformed Gum Metal. Also, regions with highly inhomogeneous elastic strains and varying crystal lattice orientation are experimentally observed in the vicinity of giant faults. A theoretical model is suggested describing the generation of giant faults as a process resulting from generation and evolution of nanodisturbances (nanoscopic planar areas of local shear) in Gum Metal. It is shown that giant faults can effectively nucleate and evolve in Gum Metal, and their intersection with grain boundaries produces both elastic strain accumulation and inhomogeneities of crystal lattice orientation. This behavior of giant faults is expected to be essential for excellent cold ductility of high-strength Gum Metal.