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Collective features of gravitational light focusing

A distribution of matter described by a continuous density function of spherical symmetry is shown to behave as a stigmatic lens whose focal length and aberrations are calculated. We suggest that a statistically spherical cluster of stars has similar optical properties. The close ray — particle (star) interactions are described as scattering losses for the collective lens effect due to the averaged long range interactions.     

Influence d'un fort champ electrique statique sur le spectre d'absorption du polyester mylar

Electrical fields induce a shift towards lower frequencies of the absorption spectrum of mylar, this shift, proportional to the square of the field, is three orders of magnitude smaller than a typical Franz-Keldysh effect and is sensitive to the relative orientation of the static field with respect to the polarization vector of the light. We suggest that the measured shift is mostly due to Stark effects in this amorphous material. This kind of measurement could be used to estimate the degree of crystalline order in partially amorphous solids.