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991.
Acoustic classification of multiple simultaneous bird species: a multi-instance multi-label approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Briggs F Lakshminarayanan B Neal L Fern XZ Raich R Hadley SJ Hadley AS Betts MG 《The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America》2012,131(6):4640-4650
Although field-collected recordings typically contain multiple simultaneously vocalizing birds of different species, acoustic species classification in this setting has received little study so far. This work formulates the problem of classifying the set of species present in an audio recording using the multi-instance multi-label (MIML) framework for machine learning, and proposes a MIML bag generator for audio, i.e., an algorithm which transforms an input audio signal into a bag-of-instances representation suitable for use with MIML classifiers. The proposed representation uses a 2D time-frequency segmentation of the audio signal, which can separate bird sounds that overlap in time. Experiments using audio data containing 13 species collected with unattended omnidirectional microphones in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest demonstrate that the proposed methods achieve high accuracy (96.1% true positives/negatives). Automated detection of bird species occurrence using MIML has many potential applications, particularly in long-term monitoring of remote sites, species distribution modeling, and conservation planning. 相似文献
992.
A new orthogonal-plane cinema-stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (OPCS-PIV) diagnostic has been used to measure the dynamics
of three-dimensional turbulence–flame interactions. The diagnostic employed two orthogonal PIV planes, with one aligned perpendicular
and one aligned parallel to the streamwise flow direction. In the plane normal to the flow, temporally resolved slices of
the nine-component velocity gradient tensor were determined using Taylor’s hypothesis. Volumetric reconstruction of the 3D
turbulence was performed using these slices. The PIV plane parallel to the streamwise flow direction was then used to measure
the evolution of the turbulence; the path and strength of 3D turbulent structures as they interacted with the flame were determined
from their image in this second plane. Structures of both vorticity and strain-rate magnitude were extracted from the flow.
The geometry of these structures agreed well with predictions from direct numerical simulations. The interaction of turbulent
structures with the flame also was observed. In three dimensions, these interactions had complex geometries that could not
be reflected in either planar measurements or simple flame–vortex configurations. 相似文献
993.
The purpose of this investigation is to evaluate the positioning and to confirm the volume concept of the Lea's Shield diaphragm utilizing MR imaging. We evaluated the device in two women, one nulliparous and one multiparous. We were able to comprehensively evaluate the device in both patients and answer all questions regarding anatomical positioning and aspects pertaining to the morphology of the device relevant to its function. MRI may be effectively utilized to evaluate contraceptive devices and their relationship to adjacent anatomical structures. This may enhance the gynecologist's clinical assessment of its correct positioning and efficacy. 相似文献
994.
We consider second-order, strongly elliptic, operators with complex coefficients in divergence form on . We assume that the coefficients are all periodic with a common period. If the coefficients are continuous we derive Gaussian
bounds, with the correct small and large time asymptotic behaviour, on the heat kernel and all its H?lder derivatives. Moreover,
we show that the first-order Riesz transforms are bounded on the -spaces with . Secondly if the coefficients are H?lder continuous we prove that the first-order derivatives of the kernel satisfy good
Gaussian bounds. Then we establish that the second-order derivatives exist and satisfy good bounds if, and only if, the coefficients
are divergence-free or if, and only if, the second-order Riesz transforms are bounded. Finally if the third-order derivatives
exist with good bounds then the coefficients must be constant.
Received in final form: 28 February 2000 / Published online: 17 May 2001 相似文献
995.
N. P. Boley Paul De Bièvre Philip D. P. Taylor Adam Uldall 《Accreditation and quality assurance》2001,6(6):244-251
Many laboratories take part in proficiency testing schemes, external quality assessment programmes and other interlaboratory
comparisons. These have many similarities but also important differences in their modus operandi and evaluation of performance of participating laboratories. This paper attempts to highlight both the similarities and differences. It also puts particular emphasis on requirements
called ”target values for uncertainty” and their meaning.
Received: 24 January 2001 Accepted: 25 January 2001 相似文献
996.
Adam Khatir Sam M. M. O. Ahamed F. El Khangi P. Roos 《Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry》2000,245(2):411-414
This paper presents the activity concentrations of Pu isotopes in surface marine sediments collected from the Sudanese coast of the Red Sea. The following concentration ranges were determined: 238Pu, 4.7–28.6 mBq/kg; 239+240Pu, 53–343 mBq/kg dry weight. The average activity ratios of 238Pu/239+240Pu (0.075±0.045 mBqk/kg) and 239+240Pu/137Cs (0.026±0.025 mBq/kg) are appropriately comparable to the literature values that are characteristic of the global fallout from the atmospheric nuclear weapon tests. However, 239+240Pu/137Cs ratio in sediments collected from the biologically rich fringing reef is an order of magnitude higher compared to other sampling locations. 相似文献
997.
We study the following tiling problem in d dimensions: given a d-dimensional rectangular array of nonnegative numbers and an integer p, partition the array into at most p rectangular subarrays so that the maximum weight of any subarray is minimized; the weight of a subarray is the sum of its elements. The rectangular tiling problem is motivated by applications in data mining, data partitioning, and video compression. Recently, Khanna, Muthukrishnan, and Paterson [SODA '98], showed that the tiling problem is NP-complete and gave a 2.5-approximation algorithm for d = 2.In this paper, we extend their result to multidimensional arrays and give an algorithm with approximation ratio
, for d ≥ 2. The algorithm can be implemented to run in worst-case time O(N + p log N) time, where N is the size of the array, and the constant is of the order d!. We also obtain a similar algorithm for the dual tiling problem, where the goal is to compute a tiling of weight at most W using as few tiles as possible. Our algorithm yields an approximation factor (2d + 1).We implemented our algorithm and ran simulation tests on multidimensional arrays with random data. In our limited experiments, the algorithm always produced approximations that were no worse than factor two from the optimal. 相似文献
998.
The General Routing Problem (GRP) is the problem of finding a minimum cost route for a single vehicle, subject to the condition that the vehicle visits
certain vertices and edges of a network. It contains the Rural Postman Problem, Chinese Postman Problem and Graphical Travelling Salesman Problem as special cases. We describe a cutting plane algorithm for the GRP based on facet-inducing inequalities and show that it
is capable of providing very strong lower bounds and, in most cases, optimal solutions.
Received: November 1998 / Accepted: September 2000?Published online March 22, 2001 相似文献
999.
In view of its intended use as a sample for proficiency testing or as a reference material the stability of the extractable trace element contents of a soil from an irrigation field was tested using the extraction with 1 mol/L ammonium nitrate solution according to DIN 19730. Therefore, changes of the extractability of sterilized and non sterilized soil samples stored at different temperatures were evaluated over a period of 18 months. Sets of bottles were kept at –20?°C, +4?°C, about +20?°C and +40?°C, respectively. The NH4NO3 extractable contents of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were determined immediately after bottling and then after 3, 6, 12 and 18 months with ICP-AES or ETAAS. Appropriate storage conditions are of utmost importance to prevent deterioration of soil samples prepared for the determination of NH4NO3 extractable trace element contents. Temperatures above +20?°C must be avoided. The observed changes in the extractability of the metals (especially for Cr and Cu) most likely could be related to thermal degradation of the organic matter of the soil. There is no need to sterilize dry soil samples, because microbiological activity in soils with a low moisture content appears to be negligible with regard to trace element mobilization. 相似文献
1000.
Moamen S. Refat Ahmed Gaber Yusuf S. Althobaiti Hussain Alyami Walaa F. Alsanie Sonam Shakya Abdel Majid A. Adam Mohamed I. Kobeasy Kareem A. Asla 《Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)》2022,27(13)
New Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II) complexes of the gabapentin (Gpn) bidentate drug ligand were synthesized and studied using elemental analyses, melting temperatures, molar conductivity, UV–Vis, magnetic measurements, FTIR, and surface morphology (scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopes).The gabapentin ligand was shown to form monobasic metal:ligand (1:1) stoichiometry complexes with the metal ions Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II). Molar conductance measurements in dimethyl-sulfoxide solvent with a concentration of 10−3 M correlated to a non-electrolytic character for all of the produced complexes. A deformed octahedral environment was proposed for all metal complexes. Through the nitrogen atom of the –NH2 group and the oxygen atom of the carboxylate group, the Gpn drug chelated as a bidentate ligand toward the Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+ metal ions. This coordination behavior was validated by spectroscopic, magnetic, and electronic spectra using the formulas of the [M(Gpn)(H2O)3(Cl)]·nH2O complexes (where n = 2–6).Transmission electron microscopy was used to examine the nanostructure of the produced gabapentin complexes. Molecular docking was utilized to investigate the comparative interaction between the Gpn drug and its four metal [Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II), and Mn(II)] complexes as ligands using serotonin (6BQH) and dopamine (6CM4) receptors. AutoDock Vina results were further refined through molecular dynamics simulation, and molecular processes for receptor–ligand interactions were also studied. The B3LYP level of theory and LanL2DZ basis set was used for DFT (density functional theory) studies. The optimized geometries, along with the MEP map and HOMO → LUMO of the metal complexes, were studied. 相似文献