Field-ion microscopy of GaAs and GaP

Clean surfaces of GaAs and GaP were studied by field-ion microscope (FIM). Field-ion images with ordered surfaces were first obtained in pure hydrogen, neon-50% hydrogen and pure neon gases at 78 K, by using channeltron electron multiplier arrays (CEMA). The field-ion images of GaAs were quite similar to those of GaP with respect to the surface structure and the image contrast. They showed the anisotropies of the ion emission and the surface structure between the [111] and $\text{[}\text{1}\text{1}\text{1}\text{]}$ orientations. Ring steps expected from a spherical surface were observed on the (111) and {100} planes, but not on the $\text{[}\text{1}\text{1}\text{1}\text{]}$ and {110} planes. The regional brightness of the FIM patterns was discussed in terms of the Knor and Müller model and the atomic and electronic structures of the surface. The image field of these crystals was much lower than that of metals usually used in FIM. For example, the image field strength for the hydrogen and GaAs system was about 1.1 V/Å. The reduction of the field necessary to image was also discussed in terms of the field penetration effect.     

Level structure of the doubly odd nucleus 112In from the (p,nγ) reaction

Properties of the levels in ¹¹²In have been studied with the reaction ¹¹²Cd(p, nγ)¹¹²In. The level scheme of ¹¹²In below 1300 keV was constructed from the γ-ray excitation functions and γγ coincidences. In ¹¹²In, 22 excited states were observed and spins and parities of 8 excited states were newly assigned or restricted by comparing the measured angular distributions and linear polarizations of the deexciting γ-rays as well as the excitation functions of the residual levels with the predictions of the statistical compound nucleus model. Possible configurations of the low-lying levels are discussed in terms of their decay properties and the systematics of the excited states in the neighbouring doubly odd In isotopes.     

Magnetic properties of the rare-earth diborodicarbides (RB2C2)

The magnetic susceptibility of RB₂C₂ has been measured in the temperature range of 3–300 K. Curie-Weiss fits to the susceptibilities led to effective moments in agreement with those expected for R³⁺ ions. The RB₂C₂ (R = Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Er, and Tm) compounds are antiferromagnetic. Metamagnetic transitions at low fields were observed for CeB₂C₂ and TbB₂C₂. The compounds, DyB₂C₂ and HoB₂C₂, are ferromagnets with complex magnetic structures. Praseodymium borocarbide becomes a Van Vleck paramagnet at low temperature. The magnetic ordering temperatures of these compounds are discussed in terms of their crystal structure and the RKKY theory.     

Evidence for B0 --> D+ D- and observation of B- --> D0D- and B- -->D0D*- decays

We report evidence for B(0) --> D(0)D(-) and the first observation of the decay modes B(-) --> D(0)D(-) and B(-) --> D(0)D(*-) based on a sample of 152 x 10(6) BB events collected by the Belle detector at KEKB. The branching fractions for B(0) --> D(+) D(-), B--->D(0)D(-), and B--> D(0)D(*-) are found to be (1.91 +/- 0.51 +/- 0.30) x10(-4), (4.83 +/- 0.78 +/- 0.58) x 10(-4), and (4.57 +/- 0.71 +/- 0.56) x 10(-4), respectively. Charge asymmetries in the B---> D(0)D(-) and B(-) --> D(0)D(*-) channels are consistent with zero.     

Measurement of time-dependent CP-violating asymmetries in B0 --> K(s)0K(s)0K(s)0 decay

We present a measurement of CP-violation parameters in the B0 --> K(s)0K(s)0K(s)0 decay based on a sample of 275 x 10(6) BB pairs collected at the upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB energy-asymmetric e+e- collider. One neutral B meson is fully reconstructed in the decay B0 --> K(s)0K(s)0K(s)0, and the flavor of the accompanying B meson is identified from its decay products. CP-violation parameters are obtained from the asymmetry in the distributions of the proper-time interval between the two B decays: S = +1.26 +/- 0.68(stat) +/- 0.20(syst) and [symbol: see text] = +0.54 +/- 0.34(stat) +/- 0.09(syst).     

Observation of the D1(2420)-->Dpi + pi- decays

We report on the first observation of D0/1(2420)-->D0pi- pi+ and D+/1(2420-->D+ pi- pi+ decays (where the contribution from the dominant known D1-->D*pi decay mode is excluded) in the B- -->D0/1pi-) and (-)B0-->D+/1pi- decays, respectively. The observation is based on 15.2 x 10(7) B(-)B events collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB collider. We also set 90% confidence level upper limits for the branching fractions of the four following decays: B- -->D0/1pi-, D01-->D(*0)pi- pi+, (-)B0-->D+/1pi-, D+/1-->D(*+) pi- pi+, B- -->D(*0)2(2460)pi-, D(*0)2 -->D(*0) pi- pi+, (-)B0-->D(*+)2(2460)pi-, D(*+)2-->D(*+)pi- pi+.     

Observation of a near-threshold omegaJ/psi mass enhancement in exclusive B-->KomegaJ/psi decays

We report the observation of a near-threshold enhancement in the omegaJ/psi invariant mass distribution for exclusive B-->KomegaJ/psi decays. The results are obtained from a 253 fb(-1) data sample that contains 275 x 10(6) BB pairs that were collected near the Upsilon(4S) resonance with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric energy e(+)e(-) collider. The statistical significance of the omegaJ/psi mass enhancement is estimated to be greater than 8sigma.     

Carrier-envelope phase-controlled quantum interference in optical poling

We demonstrate the efficiency of the optical poling process that depends on the CE phase-controlled quantum interference. For the experiment we employed our noncollinear optical parametric amplifier system for the self-stabilization of the CE phase, with the f-to-2f spectral interferometry system to control the CE phase.     

Visualization of shock-wave formation processes during shock reflection at obstacles with multiple steps

According to standard textbooks on compressible fluid dynamics, a shock wave is formed by an accumulation of compression waves. However, the process by which an accumulated compression wave grows into a shock wave has never been visualized. In the present paper, the authors tried to visualize this process using a model wedge with multiple steps. This model is useful for generating a series of compression waves and can simulate a compression process that occurs in a shock tube. By estimating the triple-point trajectory angle, we demonstrated visually that an accumulated compression wave grows into a shock wave. Further reflection experiments over a rough-surface wedge confirmed the tendency for the triple point trajectory angle to reach the asymptotic value _s in the end.This work was first presented at the Symposium on Shock Waves, Japan 2002     

Search for CP violation in the decay B0-->D*+/-D-/+

We report a search for CP-violating asymmetry in B0-->D(*+/-)D-/+ decays. The analysis employs two methods of B0 reconstruction: full and partial. In the full reconstruction method all daughter particles of the B0 are required to be detected; the partial reconstruction technique requires a fully reconstructed D- and only a slow pion from the D(*+)-->D0pi(+)(slow) decay. From a fit to the distribution of the time interval corresponding to the distance between two B meson decay points we calculate the CP-violating parameters and find the significance of nonzero CP asymmetry to be 2.7 standard deviations.