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51.
Abhijit Biswas Chan-Ho Yang Ramamoorthy Ramesh Yoon H. Jeong 《Progress in Surface Science》2017,92(2):117-141
Scientific interest in atomically controlled layer-by-layer fabrication of transition metal oxide thin films and heterostructures has increased intensely in recent decades for basic physics reasons as well as for technological applications. This trend has to do, in part, with the coming post-Moore era, and functional oxide electronics could be regarded as a viable alternative for the current semiconductor electronics. Furthermore, the interface of transition metal oxides is exposing many new emergent phenomena and is increasingly becoming a playground for testing new ideas in condensed matter physics. To achieve high quality epitaxial thin films and heterostructures of transition metal oxides with atomically controlled interfaces, one critical requirement is the use of atomically flat single terminated oxide substrates since the atomic arrangements and the reaction chemistry of the topmost surface layer of substrates determine the growth and consequent properties of the overlying films. Achieving the atomically flat and chemically single terminated surface state of commercially available substrates, however, requires judicious efforts because the surface of as-received substrates is of chemically mixed nature and also often polar. In this review, we summarize the surface treatment procedures to accomplish atomically flat surfaces with single terminating layer for various metal oxide substrates. We particularly focus on the substrates with lattice constant ranging from 4.00 Å to 3.70 Å, as the lattice constant of most perovskite materials falls into this range. For materials outside the range, one can utilize the substrates to induce compressive or tensile strain on the films and explore new states not available in bulk. The substrates covered in this review, which have been chosen with commercial availability and, most importantly, experimental practicality as a criterion, are KTaO3, REScO3 (RE = Rare-earth elements), SrTiO3, La0.18Sr0.82Al0.59Ta0.41O3 (LSAT), NdGaO3, LaAlO3, SrLaAlO4, and YAlO3. Analyzing all the established procedures, we conclude that atomically flat surfaces with selective A- or B-site single termination would be obtained for most commercially available oxide substrates. We further note that this topmost surface layer selectivity would provide an additional degree of freedom in searching for unforeseen emergent phenomena and functional applications in epitaxial oxide thin films and heterostructures with atomically controlled interfaces. 相似文献
52.
Subhendu Naskar Priyankar Paira Rupankar Paira Shyamal Mondal Arindam Maity Abhijit Hazra Krishnendu B. Sahu Pritam Saha Sukdeb Banerjee Peter Luger Manuela Webe Nirup B. Mondal 《Tetrahedron》2010,66(27-28):5196-5203
An environmentally benign protocol has been described for the synthesis of novel 2-(1′,3′-dihydro-1H-[2,3′]biindolyl-2′-ylidene)-indan-1,3-diones/bis-indolylindane-1,3-diones from ninhydrin and 3-substituted/unsubstituted indoles. It uses montmorillonite K-10 as catalyst in a solvent-free condition under microwave irradiation. The method was also used for the synthesis of novel bisindolylindeno[1,2-b]quinoxaline derivatives. 相似文献
53.
Banerjee M Maiti S Kundu I Chakrabarti A Basu S 《Photochemistry and photobiology》2010,86(6):1237-1246
The carcinogenic drug 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4NQO) has been found to bind with the protein hen egg white lysozyme as evident from fluorescence quenching experiments. The binding constant and stoichiometry have been determined. The values of the thermodynamic parameters indicate that the interaction is an enthalpy-driven spontaneous phenomenon. The experimental value of change in free energy is similar to that obtained from the docking study. The far UV circular dichroism spectra show some changes in the secondary structure of protein. The high value of bimolecular quenching constant leads to the possibility of Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). Along with FRET, the photoinduced electron transfer (PET) from tryptophan residue of protein to 4NQO has also been evident from the transient absorption spectra obtained in laser flash photolysis experiments. The simultaneous occurrence of FRET and PET is the key factor for quenching of intrinsic fluorescence of the protein as it binds with the drug. 相似文献
54.
The role of ion-pairing in peak deformations in overloaded reversed-phase chromatography of peptides
Abhijit Tarafder Lars Aumann Massimo Morbidelli 《Journal of chromatography. A》2010,1217(45):7065-7073
The paper reports a study on the role of ion-pairing behind peak deformations, e.g. peak splitting and even peak disappearance, during the elution of a peptide at highly overloaded conditions in reversed-phase chromatography. Deformation of component peaks is not uncommon in chromatography. There are reports which discuss their occurrence, but mostly at analytical scale, while their occurrence is quite common also in the preparative scale, as in the case discussed in this work. This paper first describes the conditions leading to peak splitting and peak disappearance of an industrial peptide, then explains the plausible reasons behind such behaviour, and finally with experimental analysis demonstrates the role of ion-pairing in causing such behaviour. 相似文献
55.
56.
Spatial reuse of optical frequencies has been shown to be possible through a novel spatial domain multiplexing (SDM) technique that uses spatial multiplexer at the input end to launch multiple channels of the same wavelength inside a single strand of carrier fiber and then employs spatial filtering methods to de-multiplex the different optical channels at the output end. The individual SDM channels are confined to dedicated spatial locations inside the fiber while traversing through it owing to helical propagation of light. This presents attenuation and dispersion models of such a system. Experimentally obtained beam profile and resultant crosstalk of two such spatially multiplexed co-propagating SDM channels of the same wavelength over standard step index multimode optical fibers are also presented. 相似文献
57.
Abhijit Patil 《Optics Communications》2006,257(1):120-132
This paper proposes a subspace parameter estimation method which besides allowing for accommodating multiple PZTs in an optical interferometer permits for extracting in real time values of phase shifts between data frames at each pixel point. The technique enables to freely choose values of phase shifts between 0 and π. A generalized phase measurement algorithm allows for computing multiple phase information present in the interferometer. The method facilitates the use of spherical beams, addresses errors arising from the miscalibration of the phase shifting devices, and is capable of handling nonsinusoidal waveforms in an effective manner. Numerical simulations demonstrate that phase distributions can be measured with high accuracy even in the presence of noise. 相似文献
58.
Abanti Nag 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》2005,66(1):191-199
SrAl12O19:Pr3+, Ti4+ phosphor suitable for field emission displays is prepared by the wet chemical gel-carbonate method and the mechanism of enhancement in red photoluminescence (PL) intensity with Ti4+ therein has been investigated. The PL spectra of Pr3+ show both 1D2-3H4 and 3P0-3H6 emission in the red region with very weak intensity when excited at 355 nm. The emission intensity has increased by about 100 times at room temperature in the compositional range SrAl12−xTixO19+x/2:Pr3+, with 0.1≤x≤0.3 in comparison to Ti-free SrAl12O19:Pr3+. TEM investigations show the presence of exsolved nanophase of SrAl8Ti3O19, the precipitation of which is preceded by the presence of defect centers at the interfacial regions between the semicoherent transient phase and the parent SrAl12O19 matrix. The presence of transitional nanophase and the associated defects modify the excitation-emission process by way of formation of electronic sub-levels at lower energy (3.5 eV) than the band gap of SrAl12O19 (∼7 eV) followed by non-resonance energy transfer to Pr3+ level, leading to magnetic-dipole related red emission with enhanced intensity. The PL intensity of Pr3+ decreases at high Ti4+ concentrations (x>0.3) due to higher extent of segregation of non-emissive SrAl8Ti3O19:Pr3+ phase. 相似文献
59.
In this paper we report a new method of fabrication of surface tensionconfined microfluidic devices on glass. We have also
successfully carried out some well-known chemical reactions in these fluidic channels to demonstrate the usefulness of these
wall-less microchannels. The confined flow path of liquid was achieved on the basis of extreme differences in hydrophobic
and hydrophilic characters of the surface. The flow paths were fabricated by making parallel lines using permanent marker
pen ink or other polymer on glass surfaces. Two mirror image patterned glass plates were then sandwiched one on top of the
other, separated by a thin gap-created using a spacer. The aqueous liquid moves between the surfaces by capillary forces,
confined to the hydrophilic areas without wetting the hydrophobic lines, achieving liquid confinement without physical side-walls.
We have shown that the microfluidic devices designed in such a way can be very useful due to their simplicity and low fabrication
cost. More importantly, we have also demonstrated that the minimum requirement of such a working device is a hydrophilic line
surrounded by hydrophobic environment, two walls of which are constituted of air and the rest is made of a hydrophobic surface. 相似文献
60.
We derive an expression relating the transport parameter q and the shear viscosity eta of a weakly coupled quark-gluon plasma. A deviation from this relation can be regarded as a quantitative measure of "strong coupling" of the medium. The ratio T{3}/q, where T is the temperature, is a more broadly valid measure of the coupling strength of the medium than eta/s, where s denotes the entropy density. Different estimates of q derived from existing Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider data are shown to imply radically different structures of the produced matter. 相似文献