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51.
52.
Gaye-Siessegger J Focken U Abel H Becker K 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2004,40(3):181-190
The use of stable isotope techniques for the reconstruction of diets has increased over the last decade. However, isotopic ratios in an animal are not only affected by the composition of the feed, but also by the amount of feed consumed. An uncertainty of up to 1 per thousand for both delta13C and delta15N values has been observed when the feeding level is unknown. This may have substantial effects on the results of back-calculation. As the feeding level of animals is unknown in nature, an additional indicator for their nutritional status is needed. High feeding levels and a consequent surfeit of dietary energy lead to the synthesis of lipids. In order to test whether the level of lipogenesis could be used as an indicator, Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were fed four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic wheat-based semi-synthetic diets with different lipid contents (2.0 %, 4.5 %, 9.5 % and 13.3 %) for eight weeks. Body composition, gross energy content and delta13C values in the lipids and the lipid-free material were determined in diets and fish bodies. The livers of three fish per feeding group were assayed for the activity of two lipogenic enzymes, ATP-citrate lyase and malic enzyme. There was a strong negative correlation between delta13C values in the lipids of the individual fish and the apparent lipid conversion. The activities of lipogenic enzymes decreased with rising lipid content in the diet. The delta13C values in the lipids decreased significantly with increasing specific activity for both enzymes. In this experiment where lipogenesis was influenced by the composition of the diet, it was possible to determine the exact value for the trophic shift in relation to the enzyme activities. Further experiments to investigate the use of enzyme activities in situations where the feeding level of an animal is unknown are recommended. 相似文献
53.
Simulated Moving Bed separations of enantiomers or fine chemicals are usually carried out in the isocratic mode, i.e. by applying the same operating conditions (temperature, pressure, mobile phase composition, pH) in the whole SMB unit. However, it has been recently recognized that by properly modulating operating conditions in the SMB sections. i.e. Sections 1-4 normally, separation performance in terms of productivity and solvent consumption can be significantly improved. In this work, we study solvent gradient SMB (SG-SMB) operation, where the concentration of a modifier in the main solvent constituting the mobile phase is adjusted along the SMB unit, so as to have weaker retention of the species to be separated in the first two sections, and stronger retention in Sections 3 and 4. Overload chromatographic conditions are considered, where the adsorption behavior is characterized by a nonlinear competitive adsorption isotherm, e.g. a binary Langmuir isotherm. Design criteria to achieve complete separation are developed in the frame of the equilibrium theory of chromatography. The theoretical findings are discussed in view of typical effects of the modifier concentration on retention times and solubility of the species to be separated, and an overall assessment of the SG-SMB technology is attempted. 相似文献
54.
Camacho A 《The Journal of chemical physics》2004,121(11):5451-5454
A model describing the relationship between the orthopositronium lifetime and the volume of a void, located in a synthetic zeolite, is analyzed. Our idea, which allows us to take into account the effects of temperature, comprises the introduction of a non-Hermitian term in the Hamiltonian, which accounts for the annihilation of the orthopositronium. The predictions of the present model are also confronted against an already known experimental result. 相似文献
55.
Vijay Gupta 《分析论及其应用》2003,19(1):81-88
In the present paper, we introduce Szasz-Durrmeyer-Bezier operators M.,.(f,x) , which generalize the Szasz-Durrmeyer operators. Here we obtain an estimate on the rate of convergence of Mn,a(f,x) for functions of bounded variation. Our result extends and improves that of Sahai and Prasad and Gupta and Pant. 相似文献
56.
Gaye-Siessegger J Focken U Abel HJ Becker K 《Isotopes in environmental and health studies》2003,39(2):125-134
Many scientists use naturally occurring stable isotopes to reconstruct the diets of animals. However, isotopic ratios may be affected not only by the composition of the diet but also by the amount of food consumed. Thus, an experiment using tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) was carried out to test the influence of feeding level on delta13C and delta15N of fish given a semi-synthetic wheat gluten/wheat starch based diet. In addition, the effect of diet quality was tested by comparing tilapia given this feed with tilapia fed a fish meal/wheat meal based diet. Forty-four tilapia were reared individually. After a prefeeding phase, fish were randomly assigned to five groups, four on the semi-synthetic diet at different feeding levels and one group on the fish meal/wheat meal based diet fed at the equivalent of the highest level of the semi-synthetic diet. The experiment lasted eight weeks. Proximate composition, gross energy content and delta13C and delta15N values were determined in feed and fish, for delta13C separately in the lipids and the lipid-free matter. Delta13C in the lipids and the lipid-free matter and delta15N of tilapia fed the semi-synthetic diet decreased significantly with increasing feeding rate. The absolute values of the trophic shift in fish fed the semi-synthetic wheat based diet were significantly higher than in fish fed the fish meal/wheat meal based diet. The different delta13C and delta15N values in tilapia fed the same diet at different feeding levels and the influence of feed quality on the trophic shift add to the uncertainty involved in the use of stable isotopes in ecological research. 相似文献
57.
Gorchein A 《Biomedical chromatography : BMC》2003,17(8):526-529
Reversed-phase TLC systems using ion-pairing reagents are described for the separation without prior derivatization of the porphyrins of rat Harderian gland. Porphyrins with R(f) values greater than protoporphyrin but smaller than coproporphyrin, representing harderoporphyrin, were labile to 1 m NaOH, which converted them to protoporphyrin, inconsistent with the established literature that harderoporphyrin is a tricarboxylic acid porphyrin. It was confirmed by HPLC/electrospray ionization MS that this 'harderoporphyrin' fraction consists of the recently characterized glycoconjugate, protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl beta-xyloside, with trace amounts of protoporphyrin-1-O-acyl beta-glucoside. 相似文献
58.
Franç ois Germinet Abel Klein 《Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society》2003,131(3):911-920
We study the decay at large distances of operator kernels of functions of generalized Schrödinger operators, a class of semibounded second order partial differential operators of mathematical physics, which includes the Schrödinger operator, the magnetic Schrödinger operator, and the classical wave operators (i.e., acoustic operator, Maxwell operator, and other second order partial differential operators associated with classical wave equations). We derive an improved Combes-Thomas estimate, obtaining an explicit lower bound on the rate of exponential decay of the operator kernel of the resolvent. We prove that for slowly decreasing smooth functions the operator kernels decay faster than any polynomial.
59.
Comparison of the filamentation and the hollow-core fiber characteristics for pulse compression into the few-cycle regime 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
L. Gallmann T. Pfeifer P.M. Nagel M.J. Abel D.M. Neumark S.R. Leone 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2007,86(4):561-566
The gas-filled hollow-core fiber compression and the optical filamentation technique are compared experimentally in a parameter
regime suitable for intense few-cycle pulse generation. In particular, pointing stability, spectral properties, and spatial
chirp are investigated. It is found that in the case of filamentation, the critical parameter for pointing stability is gas
pressure inside the generation cell whereas for the hollow-core fiber it is alignment that plays this role. The hollow-core
fiber technique yields spectra that are better suited for chirped-mirror pulse compression whereas filamentation offers higher
throughput and prospects for easy-to-implement self-compression. We present spectral phase interferometry for direct electric-field
reconstruction (SPIDER) measurements that directly show the transition in the spectral phase of the output continua into the
self-compression regime as the gas pressure is increased.
PACS 42.65.Re; 42.65.Jx; 42.65.Tg 相似文献
60.
María A. Montero María R. Gennero de Chialvo Abel C. Chialvo 《Electrochemistry communications》2010,12(3):398-401
The present work reports for the first time results which demonstrate that the hydrogen oxidation reaction on platinum nanoparticles supported on gold and glassy carbon substrates displays a transition between the Tafel–Volmer route, which dominates at low overpotentials, and the Heyrovsky–Volmer route, predominant at high overpotentials. 相似文献