Generalized solitonary and periodic solutions for nonlinear partial differential equations by the Exp-function method

In this paper, the Exp-function method with the aid of the symbolic computational system Maple is used to obtain the generalized solitonary solutions and periodic solutions for nonlinear evolution equations arising in mathematical physics, namely, (2+1)-dimensional Konopelchenko–Dubrovsky equations, the (3+1)-dimensional Jimbo–Miwa equation, the Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation, and the (2+1)-dimensional sine-Gordon equation. It is shown that the Exp-function method, with the help of symbolic computation, provides a powerful mathematical tool for solving other nonlinear evolution equations arising in mathematical physics.     

Krein's method with certain singular kernel for solving the integral equation of the first kind

In this paper, we are going to obtain the spectral relations for the Fredholm integral equation of the first kind with certain singular kernel, by using Krein's method.     

CNDO calculation of the diamagnetic susceptibilities of cyclic conjugated molecules

We present the results obtained within the CNDO /2 method for the diamagnetic susceptibilities of a series of conjugated molecules including benzene, fulvene, pyridine, pyrrole, and furan. The calculations have been carried out, according to Bley's method, in the framework of coupled Hartree–Fock perturbation theory, using gauge invariant atomic orbitals and the London approximation. The two usual CNDO parametrizations, due respectively to Pople, Santry, and Segal and to Del Bene and Jaffe, did not enable one to obtain the principal susceptibilities of the molecules under consideration. We investigated the effect of the CNDO parametrizations on the different contributions to the susceptibility, and gave a first improvement to Bley's method, which permits the calculation of the mean susceptibility of conjugated molecules with less than 9% error.     

Synthesis and antitumor activity of 5-trifluoromethyl-2,4- dihydropyrazol-3-one nucleosides

2,4-Dihydropyrazole glucosides 3a-3c were prepared and tested for their antitumor activity. The structures of these compounds were established by (1)H and (13)C-NMR spectroscopy. Glucoside 3b shows an in vitro IC(50) value of 16.4 muM against proliferation of the human promyelotic leukemia (HL60) cell line.     

Phosphono-substituted isoindolines and indoles from 2,3- and 2,4-benzoxazin-1-ones

Reactions of 2,3-benzoxazinone 1 and 2,4-benzoxazinone 2 , with trialkyl phosphites 3a–c provide access to new phosphono-substituted isoindolines 6a–f and indoles 19a–e , respectively. Phosphono-substituted 2,3-benzoxazines 5a–c were also obtained in the first reaction. Bisisoindolinylidene ( 7 ) was, however, isolated in low yields when 1 was heated with triethyl or triisopropyl phosphite at 100deg;C whereas at 170deg;C 7 was obtained as the major product (∼53%). On the other hand, the reaction of 1 or 2 with dialkyl phosphonates 4a–c proceeded in the presence of aqueous solution of NaOH (5%) to give the respective alkylated product 14a–c or 20a–c . © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. 15:77–84, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/.10216     

Nanolipogel Loaded with Tea Tree Oil for the Management of Burn: GC-MS Analysis,In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation

The GC-MS analysis of tea tree oil (TTO) revealed 38 volatile components with sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (43.56%) and alcohols (41.03%) as major detected classes. TTO efficacy is masked by its hydrophobicity; nanoencapsulation can address this drawback. The results showed that TTO-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN1), composed of glyceryl monostearate (2% w/w) and Poloxamer188 (5% w/w), was spherical in shape with a core-shell microstructure. TTO-SLN1 showed a high entrapment efficiency (96.26 ± 2.3%), small particle size (235.0 ± 20.4 nm), low polydispersity index (0.31 ± 0.01), and high negative Zeta potential (−32 mV). Moreover, it exhibited a faster active agent release (almost complete within 4 h) compared to other formulated TTO-SLNs as well as the plain oil. TTO-SLN1 was then incorporated into cellulose nanofibers gel, isolated from sugarcane bagasse, to form the ‘TTO-loaded nanolipogel’ which had a shear-thinning behavior. Second-degree thermal injuries were induced in Wistar rats, then the burned skin areas were treated daily for 7 days with the TTO-loaded nanolipogel compared to the unmedicated nanolipogel, the TTO-loaded conventional gel, and the normal saline (control). The measurement of burn contraction proved that TTO-loaded nanolipogel exhibited a significantly accelerated skin healing, this was confirmed by histopathological examination as well as quantitative assessment of inflammatory infiltrate. This study highlighted the success of the proposed nanotechnology approach in improving the efficacy of TTO used for the repair of skin damage induced by burns.     

Condensation of α‐hydroxy ketones with phosphorus ylides: A convenient synthesis of linear heterocyclic formation

Reaction of α‐hydroxy ketones, furoin (1a) and/or benzoin (1b), with an appropriate phosphorus ylide (6a–d) provides access to new alkenes E‐8a–d, 15, 16 and/or furan derivatives 11a,b and 21. Furthermore, reaction of 1a,b with arylidenephosphorane 7 led to the formation of the respective dioxolo compound 22a,b. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 10: 481–487, 1999     

Reaction with hydrazonoyl halides. Part 32 [1]: Reaction of C‐acyl‐N‐(3‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolyl)hydrazonoyl chlorides with potassium thiocyanate and synthesis of some new 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles and slenadiazoles

C‐acyl‐N‐(3‐phenyl‐5‐pyrazolyl)hydrazonoyl chlorides 1a,b react with potassium thiocyanate and potassium selenocyanate to give 5‐acyl‐2,3‐dihydro‐2‐imino‐3‐(3′‐phenyl)pyrazol‐5′‐yl)‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles 2a,b and 5‐acetyl‐2,3‐dihydro;‐2‐imino‐3‐(3′‐phenyl)pyrazol‐5′‐yl)‐1,3,4‐selenadiazole 10a,b . Also, 2‐[mercapto‐(methylthio)methylene]indan‐1,3‐dione 16 reacts with hydrazonoyl halides 15 and 22–25 to afford 2,3‐dihydro‐1,3,4‐thiadiazoles 19 and 26–29 , respectively. Structures of the newly synthesized compounds are elucidated on the basis of spectral data, chemical transformations, and alternative synthesis methods. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 12:468–474, 2001     

Synthetic studies using unsaturated and active phosphonium salts. A convenient preparation of furano‐ and pyrano[2,3‐c]pyridazines and substituted quinolines

By applying vinyl‐ ( 3 ) and allyltriphenylphosphonium bromides ( 9 ) to 4‐cyano‐5,6‐difur‐2′yl‐2H‐pyridazin‐3‐one ( 1 ) the corresponding fused 5,8‐oxazolo‐ 6, 12 (∼37%) and pyrano‐ 8 , 13 , 14 (∼20%) derivatives are isolated whereas with alkylphosphonium bromides 15a,b fused furans 17a,b (22%) and isopyrroles 18a,b (∼45%) are obtained. On the other hand, the reaction of 2‐[(benzylidene)amino]‐benzonitrile ( 2 ) with 3 and 9 yielded benzoazepines 20 and 21 (∼56%). With 15a,b , quinolines 23a,b (∼46%) and quinazoline 25 (∼24%) are obtained. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 16:56–64, 2005; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/hc.20065