Conventional and microwave reactions of 1,3-diaryl-5,4-enaminonitrile-pyrazole derivative with expected antimicrobial and anticancer activities

The present study illustrates conventional and microwave reactions of 5-amino-1,3-diaryl-pyrazole-4-carbonitrile derivative with phenacyl bromide under different conditions, hydrazine hydrate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, tetrahydrofuran, phthalic anhydride, and cyanoacetic acid. The product of the latter reaction condensed with hydrazine and cyclohexanone to give the pyrazolotriazepine acetonitrile and cyclohexylidene derivatives. The new cyclohexylidene is used as key intermediate to synthesize some new spiro compounds. The behavior of the starting compound with benzaldehyde, ethylenediamine, phenylenediamine, sodium azide, 1-amino-2-hydroxynaphthalene-7-sulphonic acid, diethylmalonate, terephthalaldehyde, acetyl chloride, and acetic anhydride were also investigated. The new compounds structures were established from spectroscopic data. Some of the new pyrazole derivatives showed antibacterial and anticancer activities.     

Existence and Attractivity of <Emphasis Type="Italic">k</Emphasis>-Pseudo Almost Automorphic Sequence Solution of a Model of Bidirectional Neural Networks

In this paper we discuss the existence and global attractivity of k-pseudo almost automorphic sequence solution of a model of bidirectional cellular neural networks. We consider the corresponding difference equation analogue of the model system using suitable discretization method and obtain certain conditions for the existence of solution. The k-pseudo almost automorphic sequence solutions generalize the results of pseudo almost periodic, almost periodic and almost automorphic sequences solutions. Moreover the results proved in this paper are new and compliment the existing one.     

Finite element analysis of hydromagnetic flow and heat transfer of a heat generation fluid over a surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium in the presence of chemical reaction

An analysis is carried out to study the flow, chemical reaction and mass transfer of a steady laminar boundary layer of an electrically conducting and heat generating fluid driven by a continuously moving porous surface embedded in a non-Darcian porous medium in the presence of a transfer magnetic field. The governing partial differential equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by similarity transformation and are solved numerically by using the finite element method. The results obtained are presented graphically for velocity, temperature and concentration profiles, as well as the Sherwood number for various parameters entering into the problem.     

Chloro-Modified Magnetic Fe3O4@MCM-41 Core–Shell Nanoparticles for L-Asparaginase Immobilization with Improved Catalytic Activity,Reusability, and Storage Stability

This paper describes a new support that permits to efficient immobilization of L-asparaginase (L-ASNase). For this purpose, Fe₃O₄ magnetic nanoparticles were synthesized and coated by MCM-41. 3-chloropropyltrimethoxysilane (CPTMS) was used as a surface modifying agent for covalent immobilization of L-ASNase on the magnetic nanoparticles. The chemical structure; thermal, morphological, and magnetic properties; chemical composition; and zeta potential value of Fe₃O₄@MCM-41-Cl were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential thermal analysis (DTA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), and zeta-potential measurement. The immobilization efficiency onto Fe₃O₄@MCM-41-Cl was detected as 63%. The reusability, storage, pH, and thermal stabilities of the immobilized L-ASNase were investigated and compared to that of soluble one. The immobilized enzyme maintained 42.2% of its original activity after 18 cycles of reuse. Furthermore, it was more stable towards pH and temperature compared with soluble enzyme. The Michaelis–Menten kinetic properties of immobilized L-ASNase showed a lower V_max and a similar K_m compared to soluble L-ASNase. Immobilized enzyme had around 47 and 32.5% residual activity upon storage a period of 28 days at 4 and 25 °C, respectively. In conclusion, the Fe₃O₄@MCM-41-Cl@L-ASNase core–shell nanoparticles could successfully be used in industrial and medical applications.

     

Synthesis and anticonvulsant activity of some quinazolin-4-(3H)-one derivatives

A number of 3-substituted-2-(substituted-phenoxymethyl) quinazolin-4(3H)-one derivatives 4a,b, 5a-c, 6, 7a-f, 8a-e and 9a,b have been synthesized. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of elemental analyses and spectroscopic studies (IR, 1H-NMR, MS). A preliminary evaluation of the anticonvulsant activity of the prepared compounds has indicated that compounds 4b, 7b-f, 8a and 9b exhibit significant anticonvulsant activity, while compounds 6, 8b and 8d show mild to moderate activity.     

Confocal microscopy study of uptake kinetics of α‐lactalbumin and β‐lactoglobulin onto the cation‐exchanger SP Sepharose FF

Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) was used to study single‐ and two‐component protein uptake for α‐lactalbumin (ALA) and β‐lactoglobulin (BLG), as models for whey proteins, to SP Sepharose FF at pH 3.7 during batch experiments in a finite bath. By coupling a fluorescent dye with the protein molecule, the penetration into individual adsorbent particles at different times during batch uptake was visualised. In a single‐component system, BLG penetrated fast into the adsorbent beads and gradually filled them in a shell‐wise fashion, while adsorption of ALA was mostly confined to the outer shells of the adsorbent. For the two‐component studies, the results showed that ALA was able to displace BLG despite its lower affinity to the adsorbent under the employed conditions. CLSM results were then compared both qualitatively and quantitatively to their counterparts obtained in traditional experiments by indirect measurements of the protein concentration in the fluid phase. A novel quantitative approach was undertaken by modifying the simple kinetic rate model traditionally used to determine the kinetic rate constant, k₁, for batch uptake experiments, in order to describe batch uptake kinetics based on CLSM data. Although BLG results were in good agreement, there was a discrepancy in ALA results.     

Synthesis of N‐pivot lariat ethers

This review covers the main strategies for the synthesis of N‐pivot lariat ethers as well as their specific syntheses.     

Microwave Irradiation and Glutamic Acid-Assisted Phytotreatment of Tannery and Surgical Industrial Wastewater by Sorghum

We investigated how different doses of microwave irradiation (MR) affect seed germination in Sorghum, including the level of remediation against textile and surgical wastewater (WW) by modulating biochemical and morpho-physiological mechanisms under glutamic acid (GA) application. The experiment was conducted to determine the impact of foliar-applied GA on Sorghum under wastewater conditions. Plants were treated with or without microwave irradiation (30 s, 2.45 GHz), GA (5 and 10 mM), and wastewater (0, 25, 50, and 100). Growth and photosynthetic pigments were significantly decreased in plants only treated with various concentrations of WW. GA significantly improved the plant growth characteristics both in MR-treated and -untreated plants compared with respective controls. HMs stress increased electrolyte leakage (EL), hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and malondialdehyde (MDA) content; however, the GA chelation significantly improved the antioxidant enzymes activities such as ascorbate oxidase (APX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and catalase (CAT) both in MR-treated and -untreated plants under WW stress compared with respective controls. The results suggested that the MR-treated plants accumulate higher levels of HMs under GA addition in comparison to the WW-only-treated and MR-untreated plants. The maximum increase in Cd accumulation was observed in the range of 14–629% in the roots, 15–2964% in the stems, and 26–4020% in the leaves; the accumulation of Cu was 18–2757% in the roots, 15–4506% in the stems, and 23–4605% in the leaves; and the accumulation of Pb was 13–4122% in the roots, 21–3588% in the stems, and 21–4990% in the leaves under 10 mM GA and MR-treated plants. These findings confirmed that MR-treated sorghum plants had a higher capacity for HMs uptake under GA and could be used as a potential candidate for wastewater treatment.     

Aggregation of nanosized colloidal silica in the presence of various alkali cations investigated by the electrospray technique

The slow aggregation process of a concentrated silica dispersion (Bindzil 40/220) in the presence of alkali chlorides (LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl) was investigated by means of mobility measurements. At intervals during the aggregation, particles and aggregates were transferred from the liquid phase to the gas phase via electrospray (ES) and subsequently size selected and counted using a scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS). This method enables the acquisition of particle and aggregate size distributions with a time resolution of minutes. To our knowledge, this is the first time that the method has been applied to study the process of colloidal aggregation. The obtained results indicate that, independent of the type of counterion, a sufficient dilution of the formed gel will cause the particles to redisperse. Hence, the silica particles are, at least initially, reversibly aggregated. The reversibility of the aggregation indicates additional non-DLVO repulsive steric interactions that are likely due to the presence of a gel layer at the surface. The size of the disintegrating aggregates was monitored as a function of the time after dilution. It was found that the most stable aggregates were formed by the ions that adsorb most strongly on the particle surface. This attractive effect was ascribed to an ion-ion correlation interaction.     

Macrocyclic host cyclophosphazenes from aminolysis of N3P3CI6 by bis-(2-ortho-aminophenoxyethyl)ether

Aminolysis of N₃P₃CI₆ by an oxodiamine, bis-(2-ortho-aminophenoxyethyl) ether, has been carried out under various experimental conditions and new products with different architectures have been obtained. The reaction in diethyl ether when using a Na₂CO₃-water interface process gives the mono-BINO as major product. Reaction on Al₂O₃/KOH leads to the spirocyclic compound, while, when the reaction is carried out in toluene in the presence of NEt₃, a mixture of mono- and di-BINO products are obtained. These new products have been characterized by IR, ¹H and ³¹P NMR spectroscopy.