扫描隧道显微镜在有机化学中的应用

扫描隧道显微镜的最大优点是可达到原子量级的分辨率。本文综述了STM对有机分子的结构、聚集形态及其反应过程的研究。     

Convergent assembly of highly potent analogues of bryostatin 1 via pyran annulation: bryostatin look-alikes that mimic phorbol ester function

Highly potent bryostatin analogues which contain the complete bryostatin core structure have been synthesized using a pyran annulation approach as a key strategic element. The A ring pyran was assembled using a pyran annulation reaction between a C1-C8 hydroxy allylsilane and an aldehyde comprising C9-C13. This pyran was transformed to a new hydroxy allylsilane and then coupled with a preformed C ring aldehyde subunit in a second pyran annulation, with concomitant formation of the B ring. This tricyclic intermediate was elaborated to bryostatin analogues which displayed nanomolar to subnanomolar affinity for PKC, but displayed properties indistinguishable from a phorbol ester in a proliferation/attachment assay.     

固相萃取/超高效液相色谱－串联质谱法测定香辛调料中的曲托喹酚

采用MCX固相萃取柱净化,以超高效液相色谱－串联质谱(UPLC－MS/MS)法建立了香辛调料中曲托喹酚的测定方法.样品采用0. 2%酸性乙醇提取,经MCX柱净化浓缩后,在ACQUITY BEH C18色谱柱上以乙腈和0. 1%甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,UPLC－MS/MS以MRM方式进行定量分析.结果表明,曲托喹酚在...     

On-line preconcentration of mercury by sorption on an anion-exchange resin loaded with 1,5-bis[(2-pyridyl)-3-sulphophenyl methylene] thiocarbonohydrazide and determination by cold-vapour inductively coupled plasma atomic emission

1,5-Bis[(2-pyridyl)-3-sulphophenyl methylene] thiocarbonohydrazide (PSTH) immobilized on an anion-exchange resin (Dowex) has been used for the on-line preconcentration of mercury from biological samples and waters prior to its determination by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. The metal was eluted from the column using a solution of 2 M HNO(3) and mixed on-line with SnCl(2). The optimum experimental conditions were evaluated for the continuous preconcentration of Hg, the direct generation of mercury vapour and the final determination of this element by ICP-AES. The enrichment, together with low blank levels of the optimized procedure, allow the simple determination of this toxic element at concentrations down to a few nanograms per milliliter. The proposed method has a linear calibration range 5-1000 ng ml(-1) of mercury, with a detection limit of 4 ng ml(-1) (S/N=3) and a sampling rate of 40 h(-1), investigated with a 9 ml sample volume. The precision of the method (evaluated as the relative standard deviation obtained after analyzing ten series of ten replicates) was +/-3.6% at the 10 ng ml(-1) level of Hg(II) and +/-1.3% at the 100 ng ml(-1) level. The accuracy of the method was examined by the analysis of certified reference materials.     

多酸含量对无机/高分子复合薄膜结构及光致变色性能的影响

制备了一系列不同浓度的钨磷酸/聚乙烯醇(PWA/PVA)复合薄膜, 通过红外光谱、原子力显微镜、紫外-可见吸收光谱对复合薄膜的结构和光致变色性能进行了研究. 红外光谱分析结果表明, Keggin结构钨磷酸和聚乙烯醇分子的基本结构在复合薄膜中仍然存在, 钨磷酸分子与高分子底物间存在氢键作用, 形成电荷转移桥. 原子力显微镜(AFM)结果表明复合前后PVA薄膜表面形貌发生了显著变化, 复合膜表面形貌随钨磷酸含量的不同而不同. 在紫外光照射下, 复合薄膜由无色变为蓝色. 复合膜的升色速度和褪色速度均随着钨磷酸含量的增加而加快. 这些结果表明钨磷酸含量对复合膜的微结构存在影响, 从而导致了复合膜具有不同的光致变色性能.     

High-spin to low-spin relaxation kinetics in the [Fe(TRIM)2]Cl2 complex

A quasi-quantitative photo-induced low-spin (LS)-->high-spin (HS) conversion of FeII ions has been observed in the [Fe(TRIM)2]Cl2 complex by irradiating the sample with blue light (488 nm) at 10 K. The time dependence of the HS-->LS relaxation has been studied between 10 K and 44 K by means of magnetic susceptibility measurements. These relaxation curves could be satisfactorily fitted by mono-exponential decays including tunnelling effect except for temperatures below 30 K. The introduction of a distribution of vibrational frequencies into this model improved significantly the fits in the low-temperature range and gave a good agreement with the experimental data in the whole temperature range suggesting a multi-rate relaxation process in this complex.     

Multivariate analysis of extremely large ToFSIMS imaging datasets by a rapid PCA method

Principal component analysis (PCA) and other multivariate analysis methods have been used increasingly to analyse and understand depth profiles in X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) and secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). These methods have proved equally useful in fundamental studies as in applied work where speed of interpretation is very valuable. Until now these methods have been difficult to apply to very large datasets such as spectra associated with 2D images or 3D depth‐profiles. Existing algorithms for computing PCA matrices have been either too slow or demanded more memory than is available on desktop PCs. This often forces analysts to ‘bin’ spectra on much more coarse a grid than they would like, perhaps even to unity mass bins even though much higher resolution is available, or select only part of an image for PCA analysis, even though PCA of the full data would be preferred. We apply the new ‘random vectors’ method of singular value decomposition proposed by Halko and co‐authors to time‐of‐flight (ToF)SIMS data for the first time. This increases the speed of calculation by a factor of several hundred, making PCA of these datasets practical on desktop PCs for the first time. For large images or 3D depth profiles we have implemented a version of this algorithm which minimises memory needs, so that even datasets too large to store in memory can be processed into PCA results on an ordinary PC with a few gigabytes of memory in a few hours. We present results from ToFSIMS imaging of a citrate crystal and a basalt rock sample, the largest of which is 134GB in file size corresponding to 67 111 mass values at each of 512 × 512 pixels. This was processed into 100 PCA components in six hours on a conventional Windows desktop PC. © 2015 The Authors. Surface and Interface Analysis published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.     

有机金属聚合物/多酸纳米杂化LB膜的制备与光电性质研究

以含有共轭大π键的有机金属聚合物(OMP)作有机组分, 以Keggin结构和Dawson结构钨(钼)磷杂多酸作无机组分, 以十八胺为辅助成膜剂, 用LB技术制备了3种新型有机金属聚合物/十八铵/杂多阴离子OMP/ODA/HPA (HPA＝PMo₁₂, PW₁₂, P₂Mo₁₈)杂化LB膜. 用π-A曲线﹑UV-vis吸收光谱﹑荧光光谱﹑原子力显微镜(AFM)﹑扫描隧道显微镜(STM)和表面光电压谱(SPS)对标题LB膜的成膜性能及光电性质进行了研究, 结果表明标题杂化LB膜的崩溃压为26.8 mN/m, 在可见光区有较强的光电压响应, 并有好的发光性质. 当电压为±8.0 V时, 隧道电流是－0.1～－2.3 nA.     

β-环糊精衍生物毛细管气相色谱固定相的研究

将全甲基-β-环糊精、全戊基-β-环糊精及二者的混合液分别静态涂渍在氯化钠粗糙化的弹性石英毛细管内壁.为提高固定相的色谱性能,将环糊精衍生物与OV-1701按1∶4的质量比相混合,制备手性柱.对毛细管的特性、固定相的极性进行了测试,并对手性化合物(±)茚满醇、DL-丙氨酸、DL-缬氨酸、(±)乙酸二氢香芹酮等难分离物质对进行了拆分.结果表明,三种手性固定相均属于中等极性,具有较好的分离性能和成膜能力.分离效果表明,混合固定相对手性化合物及难分离物质对的分离存在协同效应.     

酵母核糖核酸在碳纳米管修饰电极上的电化学行为及其分析测定

研究了酵母核糖核酸（yRNA）在碳纳米管（MWNT）修饰电极上的电化学行为，优化了测定参数，在此基础上建立了一种直接测定yRNA的电分析测试方法。yRNA在碳纳米管修饰电极上于磷酸盐缓冲溶液中在0．758V处产生不可逆的氧化电流峰，峰电流与yRNA的质量浓度在1～10mg／mL之间有良好的线性关系，线性回归方程为：Iρ=0．0813ρ＋0．1807，相关系数r为0．9980，检出限为0．6mg／mL。