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51.
Godwin Adefikayo Ayoko Johnson Femi Iyun Ibrahim Faskari El-Idris 《Transition Metal Chemistry》1991,16(2):145-148
Summary The bromate ion reduction by 12-tungstocobaltate(II) anion has been investigated. The reaction obeys the empirical rate law:-d[reductant]/dt=5(a+b[H+]2)[BrO
3
–
][reductant]: where a=(2.49±0.18)×10–4M–1 s–1, b=(4.65±0.20)×10–5M–3s–1 at 24.5±0.1°C [H+]=0.05–1.50M and I=2.0M (NaClO4). This rate law is interpreted in terms of parallel reactions of BrO
3
–
and H2BrO
3
+
. On the basis of the observed anion catalysis, substitution intertness of the reductant and Marcus type linear free energy relations, the outer sphere mechanism is proposed for both pathways. 相似文献
52.
Marijke WA de Backer Carlos P Fitzsimons Maike AD Brans Mieneke CM Luijendijk Keith M Garner Erno Vreugdenhil Roger AH Adan 《BMC neuroscience》2010,11(1):81
Background
This study compared the transduction efficiencies of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, which was pseudotyped with an AAV1 capsid and encoded the green fluorescent protein (GFP), with a lentiviral (LV) vector, which was pseudotyped with a VSV-G envelop and encoded the discosoma red fluorescent protein (dsRed), to investigate which viral vector transduced the lateral hypothalamus or the amygdala more efficiently. The LV-dsRed and AAV1-GFP vector were mixed and injected into the lateral hypothalamus or into the amygdala of adult rats. The titers that were injected were 1 × 108 or 1 × 109 genomic copies of AAV1-GFP and 1 × 105 transducing units of LV-dsRed. 相似文献53.
This paper will draw on research being developed within the Teaching and Learning strand of the ESRC InterActive Education: Learning in the Information Age project which is examining the ways in which new technologies can be used in educational settings to enhance learning. It will focus on the learning and understanding of quadratic functions using a graphical software package and includes a discussion of how the structuring of the activities influences the nature of the learning environment. The potential affordance that the software provides for experiment and play is highlighted in relation to the teacher's role in shaping the tasks to effectively make good use of this mode of learning. 相似文献
54.
Sheila A. Bishop Godwin A. Okeke Kanayo Eke 《Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences》2020,43(10):6254-6261
We study existence of a unique mild solution of evolution quantum stochastic differential equations with nonlocal conditions under the strong topology. Using the method of successive approximations, we do not need to transform the nonlocal problem to a fixed point form. The evolution operator A generates a family of semigroup that are continuous. Nonlocal conditions allow additional measurements of certain phenomena that cannot be captured by the traditional initial conditions. We show that under some given conditions, the mild solution is unique and also stable. The method applied here is much easier when compared with previous methods used in literature. 相似文献
55.
This paper presents an original account of the contribution of operational research (OR) to the formulation of tactics and strategy on behalf of the British Armed Forces in the four decades after 1945. The main focus is on the Cold War in the European theatre, where OR analysts devoted considerable time and effort to the modelling of warfare on behalf of the British Army of the Rhine. In the absence of combat data for nuclear weapons, OR analysts devised a sequence of war games which evolved in conformity with the development of NATO strategy in relation to the Warsaw Pact. Again in the context of the Cold War, the paper analyses the role of OR in relation to the early V bomber force and the introduction of ‘global war studies’ on behalf of the Royal Navy. The paper also comments on the organisational structure of British military OR following on the creation of a centralised OR facility within the Ministry of Defence in 1965. In conclusion, the paper notes the sea-change in military OR following the end of the Cold War in 1990 and the onset of a period of sustained ‘asymmetric’ military operations in the former Yugoslavia, the Middle East and Afghanistan. 相似文献
56.
Cody Sugai Stephen Kim Dr. Godwin Severa Dr. James L. White Dr. Noemi Leick Madison B. Martinez Dr. Thomas Gennett Dr. Vitalie Stavila Prof. Craig Jensen 《Chemphyschem》2019,20(10):1301-1304
Modification of magnesium diboride, MgB2, by mechanical milling with THF, MgH2, and/or Mg results in a lowering of the conditions required for its direct, bulk hydrogenation to magnesium borohydride, Mg(BH4)2, by 300 bar and 100 °C. Following mechanical milling with MgH2 or THF and Mg, MgB2 can be hydrogenated to Mg(BH4)2 at 300 °C under 700 bar of H2 while achieving ∼54–71 % conversion to the borohydride. The discovery of a means of dramatically lowering the conditions required for the hydrogenation of MgB2 is an important step towards the development of a practical onboard hydrogen storage system based on hydrogen cycling between Mg(BH4)2 and MgB2. We suggest that mechano-milling with THF, Mg, and/or MgH2 may possibly introduce defects in the MgB2 structure which enhance hydrogenation. The ability to activate the MgB2 through the introduction of structural defects transcends its relevance to hydrogen storage, as a method of overcoming its chemical inertness provides the key to harnessing other interesting properties of this material. 相似文献
57.
Ray L. Frost Jií ejka Godwin A. Ayoko Marilla J. Dickfos 《Journal of Raman spectroscopy : JRS》2008,39(3):374-379
Raman spectroscopy, complemented with infrared spectroscopy, was used to study the uranyl carbonate mineral voglite. The mineral has the formula Ca2Cu2+ [(UO2)(CO3)3](CO3)•6H2O, and bands attributed to these vibrating units are readily identified in the Raman spectrum. Symmetric stretching modes at 836 and 1094 cm−1 are assigned to ν1(UO2)2+ and ν1(CO3)2− units, respectively. The ν3 antisymmetric stretching modes of (UO2)2+ are not observed in the Raman spectrum but may be readily observed in the infrared spectrum at 898 cm−1. The ν3 antisymmetric stretching mode of (CO3)2− is observed in the Raman spectrum at 1369 cm−1 as a low intensity band as is also the ν3(CO3)2− infrared modes at 1362, 1425, 1509 and 1566 cm−1. No ν2(CO3)2− Raman bending modes are observed for voglite. The Raman band at 749 cm−1 and the two infrared bands at 747 and 709 cm−1 are assigned to the ν4(CO3)2− bending modes. U O bond and O H…O bond lengths in the structure of voglite were inferred from the infrared and Raman spectra. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
58.
59.
Salvatore Giandinoto Godwin O. Mbagwu Tamara A. Robinson Chantel Ferguson Jacqueline Nunez 《Journal of heterocyclic chemistry》1996,33(6):1839-1845
The synthesis of the first examples of Class II mesoionic xanthine acyclonucleosides is described. A series of mesoionic anhydro-(8-methoxyalkyl-5-hydroxy-7-oxothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium hydroxides), Class II mesoionic analogs isoconjugate with xanthine, were prepared by the thermal condensation of methoxyalkyl-2-aminothiazoles with substituted bis(2,4,6-trichlorophenyl)malonic esters. The memoxyalkyl-2-aminothiazoles were prepared via an aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction between 2-bromothiazole and the appropriate methoxyalkylamine in excess. The resulting 8-methoxyalkyl-substituted mesoionic xanthines were demethylated using iodotrimethylsilane in acetonitrile at room temperature to afford the corresponding mesoionic anhydro-(8-hydroxyalkyl-5-hydroxy-7-oxothiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium hydroxides) as the Class II mesoionic xanthine acyclonucleosides. 相似文献
60.
Frederick L. Theiss Sara J. Palmer Godwin A. Ayoko Ray L. Frost 《Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry》2012,107(3):1123-1128
The removal of the sulfate anion from water using synthetic hydrotalcite (Mg/Al LDH) was investigated using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetric analysis (TG). Synthetic hydrotalcite Mg6Al2(OH)16(CO3)·4H2O was prepared by the co-precipitation method from aluminum and magnesium chloride salts. The synthetic hydrotalcite was thermally activated to a maximum temperature of 380 °C. Samples of thermally activated hydrotalcite where then treated with aliquots of 1000 ppm sulfate solution. The resulting products where dried and characterized by XRD and TG. Powder XRD revealed that hydrotalcite had been successfully prepared and that the product obtained after treatment with sulfate solution also conformed well to the reference pattern of hydrotalcite. The d(003) spacing of all samples was found to be within the acceptable region for a LDH structure. TG revealed all products underwent a similar decomposition to that of hydrotalcite. It was possible to propose a reasonable mechanism for the thermal decomposition of a sulfate containing Mg/Al LDH. The similarities in the results may indicate that the reformed hydrotalcite may contain carbonate anion as well as sulfate. Further investigation is required to confirm this. 相似文献