On f-injective modules

In this paper, the notions of f-injective and f^*-injective modules are introduced. Elementary properties of these modules are given. For instance, a ring R is coherent iff any ultraproduct of f-injective modules is absolutely pure. We prove that the class S^* \Sigma^* of f^*-injective modules is closed under ultraproducts. On the other hand, S^* \Sigma^* is not axiomatisable. For coherent rings R, S^* \Sigma^* is axiomatisable iff every c₀ \chi_0 -injective module is f^*-injective. Further, it is shown that the class S \Sigma of f-injective modules is axiomatisable iff R is coherent and every c₀ \chi_0 -injective module is f-injective. Finally, an f-injective module H, such that every module embeds in an ultraprower of H, is given.     

Unconditional Bases, the Matrix Muckenhoupt Condition, and Carleson Series in a Spectrum

Two families of functions constructed by a system of n scalar Muckenhoupt weights are studied. Criteria are given under which these families are unconditional bases. From the point of view of the spectral operator theory, the problem is reduced to the study of the structure of n-dimensional perturbations of the integration operator. Weighted estimates for the Hilbert transform in the spaces of vector-functions are applied to construct an operator mapping functions of the studied families to vector-valued rational functions. The concept of the Carleson series is used in the study of the following problem: when do vector-valued rational functions form an unconditional basis? Bibliography: 8 titles.     

Numerical solutions of the shallow water equations with discontinuous bed topography

A simple scheme is developed for treatment of vertical bed topography in shallow water flows. The effect of the vertical step on flows is modelled with the shallow water equations including local energy loss terms. The bed elevation is denoted with z_b^‐ for the left and z_b⁺ for the right values at each grid point, hence exactly representing a discontinuity in the bed topography. The surface gradient method (SGM) is generalized to reconstruct water depths at cell interfaces involving a vertical step so that the fluxes at the cell interfaces can accurately be calculated with a Riemann solver. The scheme is verified by predicting a surge crossing a step, a tidal flow over a step and dam‐break flows on wet/dry beds. The results have shown good agreements compared with analytical solutions and available experimental data. The scheme is efficient, robust, and may be used for practical flow calculations. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

An evolution operator in semiclassical electrodynamics

An evolution operatior is described, which acts on the operators of a problem to take it into the solutions of the corresponding problem of semiclassical electrodynamics.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 66–69, November, 1981.     

Systematic investigations of the multi-element preconcentration from copper by precipitation of the matrix as copper(I) oxide and copper(I) thiocyanate

Two methods for multi-element preconcentration from copper by reductive matrix precipitation are presented. In systematic investigations on the coprecipitation behaviour of Ag, Al, Au, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Fe, Ga, In, Mn, Mo, NJ, Pb, Sb, Se, Sn, Te and Zn during precipitation of the copper matrix as Cu₂O or CuSCN, the separation parameters were optimized. By combination with a hexamethyleneammonium hexamethylenedithiocarbamate collector precipitation, a concentration of 8 elements (Cu₂O precipitation) or 13 elements (CuSCN precipitation) in a small volume was achieved. The limits of detection of the procedures are, depending on the element, 0.1–5 μg g^?1 for flame atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) and 0.01–0.1 μg g^?1 for graphite furnace AAS. The relative standard deviations are about 3%. The analytical performance of the procedures is compared with that of an electrolytic copper separation.     

Effect of trapping centers of luminescent properties of bismuth orthogermanate

Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 54, No. 6, pp. 970–975, June, 1991.     

Self-transparency effect in a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell

In a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell we report and study the self-transparency effect induced by the creation of an isotropic droplet. A simple theoretical model is presented and good agreement with experimental data is found. In a two beams configuration transistor-like behavior is observed and theoretically discussed.     

Higher-dimensional homogeneous cosmological models as autonomous dynamical systems

The field equations for homogeneous models in an arbitrary number of dimensions form a Hamiltonian system with constraint forces. Due to the monotonic behavior of the determinant of the induced metric, the evolution of the system can be interpreted as the motion of a particle in an explicitly time-dependent potential. Considering vacuum models, we show that this explicit time-dependence can be eliminated. Using the scaling properties of the Ricci tensor we obtain an autonomous system, for which we can also find a Liapunov function in terms of the n-dimensional Ricci curvature.