Crystal structure of the growth surface of silicon carbide obtained by sublimation

Structural study of polycrystalline silicon carbide obtained by sublimation performed via X-ray luminescence and X-ray diffraction analysis. It is shown that chemical vapor deposition of silicon carbide results in the formation of grains with the (00.1), (01.1), and (12.3) crystallographic planes parallel to the growth surface. The grains with the (00.1) growth planes are characterized by perfect structure and by red luminescence. Domains with yellow luminescence have a mosaic structure with the (01.1) and (12.3) growth planes.     

Optical Magnus effect in metamaterials fabricated from ferromagnetic microwires

In homogeneous negative phase velocity media, the Doppler and Cherenkov-Vavilov effects and the refraction and pressure of light are anomalous: they are inverse with respect to the corresponding effects in conventional media. Using the geometrical optics approximation, it is shown that the optical Magnus effect in inhomogeneous negative phase velocity media is also anomalous. The effect is demonstrated by considering a metamaterial consisting of parallel amorphous ferromagnetic microwires in a magnetic field. The metamaterial proves to be a left-handed one in the realistic region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The optical properties of such a left-handed medium can be controlled by the external magnetic field.     

Immiscibility,upper critical solution temperature,and miscibility in blends of poly(vinyl ether)s with polyacrylics: Effects of pendant groups

Various phase behavior of blends of poly(vinyl ether)s with homologous acrylic polymers (polymethacrylates or polyacrylates) were examined using differential scanning calorimetry, optical microscopy (OM), and Fourier‐transformed infrared spectroscopy. Effects of varying the pendant groups of either of constituent polymers on the phase behavior of the blends were analyzed. A series of interestingly different phase behavior in the blends has been revealed in that as the pendant group in the acrylic polymer series gets longer, polymethacrylate/poly(vinyl methyl ether) (PVME) blends exhibit immiscibility, upper critical solution temperature (UCST), and miscibility, respectively. This study found that the true phase behavior of poly(propyl methacrylate)/PVME [and poly(isopropyl methacrylate)/PVME)] blend systems, though immiscible at ambient, actually displayed a rare UCST upon heating to higher temperatures. Similarly, as the methyl pendant group in PVE is lengthened to ethyl (i.e., PVME replaced by PVEE), phase behavior of its blends with series of polymethacrylates or polyacrylates changes correspondingly. Analyses and quantitative comparisons on four series of blends of PVE/acrylic polymer were performed to thoroughly understand the effects of pendant groups in either polyethers (PVE's) or acrylic polymers on the phase behavior of the blends of these two constituents. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 1521–1534, 2007     

Magnetic and petrochemical properties of rocks from the Red Sea rift zone

The magnetic and petrochemical properties of basalts dredged from the rift zone at the southern part of the Red Sea at approximately 18° N are studied. The conditions of their formation and evolution are elucidated. The formation of basalts is found to occur in two stages differing in their magma supply rates and redox conditions. Special features of magnetic behavior and the anomalous geomagnetic field in the region were used to determine the sites where the rocks had experienced strong thermodynamic effects (tectonic strain, deformation, heating, etc.). The conditions in which natural remanent magnetization of the basalts was formed are estimated.     

Polyfunctional additives to oils, based on sulfonated oligomers

Studies in the field of development of polymeric oligoalkenesulfonate additives derived from sulfonated oligomers and exhibiting multifunctional effect when added to petroleum oils are summarized.     

X-ray fluorescence determination of bromine in halogenated organic compounds using quasisolid emitters

A series of quasi-solid emitters is proposed for the X-ray fluorescence determination of bromine in different bromine-containing compounds. It is shown that sucrose-based glasses are the best emitters for analyzing alkali solutions of halogenated organic compounds, saccharose-based glasses and polymer films are best for analyzing powder samples, and organic gels offer most promise for analyzing liquid (at normal conditions) samples. It is noted that the proposed method can expand the possibilities of commercially produced element analyzers, which are currently intended for determining only C, H, O, N, and S in organic compounds and cannot be used for determining halogens.     

Alternating copolyfluorenevinyles with polynuclear aromatic moieties: Synthesis,photophysics, and electroluminescence

Three new copolymers, namely poly(fluorenevinylene‐alt‐naphthalenevinylene) ( N ), poly(fluorenevinylene‐alt‐anthracenevinylene) ( A ) and poly(fluorenevinylene‐alt‐pyrenevinylene) ( P ), were synthesized by Heck coupling of 9,9‐dihexyl‐2, 7‐divinylfluorene with a polynuclear aromatic dibromide. The 9,10‐disubstituted anthracene was obtained exclusively for A while N and P were obtained as a mixture of two isomers with predominant the 1,4‐disubstituted naphthalene and 1,8‐disubstituted pyrene, respectively. The polymers were soluble in common organic solvents and decomposed above 370 °C. Their glass transition temperature increased from 58 to 110 °C by increasing the number of the phenyl rings of the polynuclear aromatic moiety. Rather high‐efficiency blue and blue‐greenish photoluminescence (PL) of these copolymers in solution was largely decreased in their films, indicating the presence of concentration quenching in the solid state. The OLED using these polymers demonstrated green EL in the case of copolymers N and A , and red EL in the P derivative with η_EL = 0.26–0.31%. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 4661–4670, 2007