Few-body correlations in the QCD phase diagram

From the viewpoint of statistical physics, nuclear matter is a strongly correlated many-particle system. Several regimes of the QCD phase diagram should exhibit strong correlations. Here I focus on three- and four-body correlations that might be important in the phase diagram.Received: 30 September 2002, Published online: 22 October 2003PACS: 21.65. + f Nuclear matter - 21.45. + v Few-body systems     

Sound scattering by a body in a planar layered waveguide

In the framework of the theory of integral equations, the problem of sound diffraction by pressure-release and acoustically stiff inhomogeneities of an oceanic waveguide is considered. The iteration method is used to obtain recurrent relations for the surface currents. The relations describe the diffraction process as a sequence of interactions between the body and the waveguide boundaries (multiple reflections). The validity condition for the zero-order approximation, which ignores multiple reflections, is formulated and physically justified.     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(methyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(methylphenylsilane)‐ block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) by atom transfer radical polymerization

ABA block copolymers of methyl methacrylate and methylphenylsilane were synthesized with a methodology based on atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP). The reaction of samples of α,ω‐dihalopoly(methylphenylsilane) with 2‐hydroxyethyl‐2‐methyl‐2‐bromoproprionate gave suitable macroinitiators for the ATRP of methyl methacrylate. The latter procedure was carried out at 95 °C in a xylene solution with CuBr and 2,2‐bipyridine as the initiating system. The rate of the polymerization was first‐order with respect to monomer conversion. The block copolymers were characterized with ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy and size exclusion chromatography, and differential scanning calorimetry was used to obtain preliminary evidence of phase separation in the copolymer products. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 30–40, 2003     

Schemes for preparation of W-and GHZ-class states from atoms and atomic ensembles

Independent systems, each containing an atomic ensemble entangled through the interaction with its own photon, can be, in turn, entangled in the course of measurements. Schemes for preparing states of the W and Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) classes with the use of projective measurements of light that include three-photon parametric interactions are proposed and analyzed.     

Condensation of Isatoic Anhydride with Hetarylguanidines

Condensation of isatoic anhydride with 4-methylquinazolin-2-yl-, 2-benzoxazolyl-, 2-benzothiazolyl-, and 4,6-dimethylpyrimidin-2-ylguanidines leads to the corresponding 2-hetarylamino-4-hydroxyquinazolines as a result of cyclization of intermediate anthranilic acid hetarylguanidides. These intermediates can be isolated as individual compounds.     

Short-and long-range order effects on resonance energy transfer in crystals and glasses

Resonance energy transfer by the Förster-Dexter mechanism in a cubic crystal and in a rigid homogeneous medium is studied. The homogeneous medium is modeled using a hard-sphere fluid (HSF) radial distribution function. This distribution is more realistic than the commonly used uniform distribution with excluded volume (UDEV) function. For the dipole-dipole mechanism, both models yield essentially the same donor luminescence decay, except for small critical radii. For the exchange mechanism, however, the two models differ significantly. In particular, to fit a given experimental decay, the UDEV model requires both a larger effective Bohr radius and a larger rate constant at collisional distance than the HSF model.     

Self-broadening of space-time spectra of few-cycle pulses in dielectric media

The nonparaxial dynamics of spectra of pulses comprising a few cycles of a light field is analyzed in transparent nonlinear media with dispersion. It is shown that the inhomogeneous self-broadening of the time spectrum of a pulse proceeds more effectively into the blue region at all spatial frequencies. A decrease in the energy in the central part of the time spectrum is realized mainly at high spatial frequencies.     

Dog and tricks: some mathematics for students of graphics

This paper describes how parametric cubic splines and cubicBezier curves may be used in designing a two dimensional shape.A simple aerofoil shape is designed using both methods. Themathematics is described and the shape drawn using Excel. Theeffect of varying parameters is shown in both methods.     

Coprecipitation of Naphthol Azosulfonates with Organic Coprecipitants and Its Use in Flow-Injection Analysis

The coprecipitation of azo compounds based on 4-nitrophenyl- and 4-sulfophenyldiazonium naphthol sulfonates as their diphenylguanidinium ion-pair complexes with analogous compounds of naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid and 4-phenylsulfodiazonium is investigated. The optimization of the coprecipitation is considered based on the notions of the driving force of the cocrystallization of impurities. The optical characteristics of colored ion-pair complexes are measured. It is found that the water solubility is decreased most substantially for azosulfonates with hydrophobic nitro groups and with no more than two sulfo groups in different aromatic nuclei, which can lead to a decrease in the detection limit due to preconcentration by coprecipitation, which stimulates the thermodynamic flux of concentrate elution. Coprecipitation is combined with flow-injection analysis in the on-line mode, and new procedures are developed for determining naphthol sulfonates and related azo compounds with the detection limit equal to 0.003–0.006 mg/50 mL.