Frequency discrimination near the spectral edge of simultaneous and forward maskers

The effects of the presence of an amplitude discontinuity in the spectrum of a noise masker on frequency discrimination performance were examined. First, detection thresholds as a function of masker level were obtained for pure-tone signals masked by either simultaneous or forward white and low-pass maskers. Then frequency discrimination thresholds were obtained using four masker levels that were chosen to yield predetermined masked thresholds, with signal levels corresponding to each of three sensation levels above these masked thresholds. The principal results indicate that frequency discrimination is poorer in simultaneous low-pass noise than in simultaneous white noise, and that this difference in performance increases with increasing sensation level and with increasing masker level. These results are inconsistent with an explanation based on the pitches generated at spectral edges ("edge pitch"), pitch shifts, or disruption of phase-locking information, but are generally consistent with an explanation based on lateral suppression. It is proposed that a release from suppression may occur in filtered noise backgrounds at high noise levels and at high sensation levels. The reduced suppression may result in poorer frequency discrimination due, in part, to reduced signal detectability.     

Crystal structures of dimethylsuccinate and dimethyloxalate: Carbonyl group orientation for C13 chemical shielding tensor studies

The crystal structures of dimethylsuccinate (DMS) and dimethyloxalate (DMO) have been determined to facilitate the determination of the C-13 chemical shielding tensors of the carbonyl carbon in esters. Crystals of DMS are monoclinic, space groupC2/c,Z=4,a=13.154(4),b=6.156(1),c=9.363(4)Å,=98.53(3)°. The structure was solved by direct methods and refined by leastsquares procedures to giveR=0.071 for 932 observed data. Crystals of DMO are monoclinic space group,P2₁/n,Z=2, witha=3.891(1),b=11.879(2),c=6.213(2) Å,=103.32(2)°. The structure is the same (within experimental error) as that reported by Dougill and Jeffrey (1953) and refined to giveR=0.074 for 395 observed data.     

Structure of a nonequilibrium high-frequency discharge

The problem for a one-temperature plasma is considered with allowance for the finite ionization rate. It is shown that in the developed nonequilibrium case the leading effect of ambipolar electron diffusion and ionization lag lead to a qualitatively different picture as compared with the equilibrium case. In particular, the heat release zone covers only a relatively small leading part of the ionization zone with a relatively low (n_e n_ef) electron concentration.Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 161–169, May–June, 1989.The authors thank A. A. Barmin and A. G. Kulikovskii for useful discussions.     

Impossibility of centrally symmetric shock waves in vacuum in the relativistic theory of gravitation

Burevestnik Scientific-Industrial Union, Leningrad. Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 79, No. 3, pp. 473–480, June, 1989.     

Variation of the instability index on stationary curves of elliptic equations depending on a parameter

The set of solutions of the equation A(u, )=0 in the case of general position consists of smooth curves. Solutions of a quasilinear elliptic equation with large instability index are constructed and an estimate obtained for the number of turning points of the solution curves.Translated from Trudy Seminara imeni I. G. Petrovskogo, No. 12, pp. 47–58, 1987.     

Spectrum of the algebra of pseudodifferential operators in a halfspace

One considers C*-algebras, generated by pseudodifferential operators in a halfspace. The operators act in functional spaces with weighted norms. One describes the set of all classes of equivalent irreducible representations of algebras and reveals the topology on the spectrum. One investigates, in particular, the dependence of the spectrum on the choice of the weighted functional space.Translated from Problemy Matematicheskogo Analiza, No. 10, pp. 160–180, 1986.     

Quantum field theories of vortices and anyons

We develop the quantization of topological solitons (vortices) in three-dimensional quantum field theory, in terms of the Euclidean region functional integral. We analyze in some detail the vortices of the abelian Higgs model. If a Chern-Simons term is added to the action, the vortices turn out to be anyons, i.e. particles with arbitrary real spin and intermediate () statistics. Localization properties of the interpolating field, scattering theory and spin-statistics connection of anyons are discussed. Such analysis might be relevant in connection with the fractional quantum Hall effect and two-dimensional models of HighT _csuperconductors.     

On the longitudinal range of a dual jet

The paper describes experiments in which one of the major properties of the dual jet — the longitudinal range — has been addressed. Hot film anemometry has been employed to determine the development of the plane turbulent dual jet for the different geometries and flow rates. It has been found that the separation distance of the discharging nozzles influences significantly the centre-line mean velocity decay. The method of calculating of the axial velocity distribution in the combined region of the dual jet, based on the correlation of the experimental results for the separation distance tillB ⁺=10 is shown. The other important feature of the dual jet is the substantially reduced local flow rate.

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Über den Längsbereich eines Zweistrahls

Zusammenfassung Diese Untersuchung beschreibt Experimente über die Haupteigenschaften eines Zweistrahls-den Längsbereich. Es wurde eine Heiß-Film-Anemometrie durchgeführt, um die Entwicklung des ebenen turbulenten Zweistrahls für verschiedene Geometrien und Strömungssorten bestimmen zu können. Es wurde herausgefunden, daß der Abstand der Ausströmdüsen signifikant den mittleren Geschwindigkeitsabfall beeinflußt. Dargestellt wird die Methode, die axiale Geschwindigkeitsverteilung in dem kombinierten Bereich des Zweistrahls, basierend auf den experimentellen Ergebnissen für Abstände bis zuB ⁺=10 zu berechnen. Das andere wichtige Merkmal des Zweistrahls ist die wesentliche Reduzierung der lokalen Strömungsgeschwindigkeit.

     

Nonlinear void-fraction waves in two-phase bubbly flow

It is shown that nonlinear void-fraction waves constitute exact solutions of the two-fluid equations for bubbly flow, if and only if the virtual-mass coefficientm() is a definite function of the void fraction. In the case of spherical bubbles the functional dependence is given bym()=(1/2)(1–a)(1–3). A similar expression was obtained recently by means of an elaborate linear stability analysis of a uniform two-phase flow. It is remarkable that the greater part of the physical quantities of a nonlinear void-fraction wave depends linearly on. The virtual-mass coefficient may be derived directly from a special form of Hamilton's variational principle.

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Zusammenfassung Es wird gezeigt daß nichtlineare Konzentrationswellen exakte Lösungen der Zweifluiden Gleichungen einer Blasenströmung darstellen dann und nur dann, wenn der Koeffizientm() der virtuellen Masse eine bestimmte Funktion der Volumenkonzentration der Blasen ist. Die funktionelle Abhängigkeit ist im Falle kugelförmiger Blasen gegeben durchm()= (1/2)(1–) (1–3). Ein gleicher Ausdruck wurde neulich mittels einer umständlichen linearen Stabilitätsanalysis einer uniformen Zweiphasen-Strömung erhalten. Es ist bemerkenswert daß der größere Teil der physikalischen Größen einer nichtlinearen Konzentrationswelle in linearer Weise von abhängt. Der Koeffizient der virtuellen Masse kann in direkter Weise von einer speziellen Form des Hamiltonschen Variationsprinzips hergeleitet werden.