全文获取类型
收费全文 | 737155篇 |
免费 | 5356篇 |
国内免费 | 1885篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 348759篇 |
晶体学 | 10237篇 |
力学 | 41808篇 |
综合类 | 19篇 |
数学 | 125396篇 |
物理学 | 218177篇 |
出版年
2021年 | 6212篇 |
2020年 | 6719篇 |
2019年 | 7688篇 |
2018年 | 20112篇 |
2017年 | 20025篇 |
2016年 | 20192篇 |
2015年 | 8467篇 |
2014年 | 13552篇 |
2013年 | 29337篇 |
2012年 | 26197篇 |
2011年 | 36432篇 |
2010年 | 25779篇 |
2009年 | 26121篇 |
2008年 | 31626篇 |
2007年 | 33339篇 |
2006年 | 23466篇 |
2005年 | 21864篇 |
2004年 | 20715篇 |
2003年 | 19382篇 |
2002年 | 18438篇 |
2001年 | 18414篇 |
2000年 | 14439篇 |
1999年 | 11109篇 |
1998年 | 9891篇 |
1997年 | 9639篇 |
1996年 | 9065篇 |
1995年 | 8039篇 |
1994年 | 8087篇 |
1993年 | 7893篇 |
1992年 | 8157篇 |
1991年 | 8712篇 |
1990年 | 8419篇 |
1989年 | 8321篇 |
1988年 | 8026篇 |
1987年 | 7872篇 |
1986年 | 7457篇 |
1985年 | 9351篇 |
1984年 | 9873篇 |
1983年 | 8327篇 |
1982年 | 8684篇 |
1981年 | 8124篇 |
1980年 | 7667篇 |
1979年 | 8422篇 |
1978年 | 8617篇 |
1977年 | 8645篇 |
1976年 | 8642篇 |
1975年 | 8244篇 |
1974年 | 8053篇 |
1973年 | 8294篇 |
1972年 | 6365篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 0 毫秒
21.
An optimal control model of exhaustible resources is used to clarify the long run relationship between mineral rent and depletion cost at the industry level. A standard first order condition of the time rate of change of rents is reformulated to reveal that rent data may be used to help forecast the rise in extraction costs resulting from resource depletion. This application of the theory of exhaustible resources is illustrated using historical mineral industry rent and extraction cost data. A forecast of U.S. coal extraction costs, following the method proposed in this paper, suggests that future rates of extraction cost increases will be similar to rates experienced in the past. 相似文献
22.
Open circuit voltage (OCV) measurements in H2O/air concentration cells at T<580 K using Yb-doped SrCeO3 electrolyte indicate that under these conditions, protons are transported through the electrolyte as -ve ions, possibly as
hydroxyl (OH−) ions. The H+ ionic transport, which is generally reported, becomes the dominant mode for H2O/air concentration cells at temperatures greater than 750 K or when H2O/air electrodes are replaced by H2/Ar, and the anomalous OCV sign disappears. The combination of low temperature and the presence of hydrogen and oxygen as
provided by the H2O/air system appears to be necessary for the postulated hydroxyl ion electrode reactions to take place.
In addition to OCV measurements, results from impedance spectroscopy are used to provide evidence in support of the suggested
hydroxyl ion mode of protonic transport under the specified conditions. These findings are directly relevant in the development
of novel humidity sensors in the temperature range 450–580K and is reported in a separate paper in this conference.
Paper presented at the 3rd Euroconference on Solid State Ionics, Teulada, Sardinia, Italy, Sept. 15–22, 1996 相似文献
23.
C. Fallnich B. Ruffing Th. Herrmann A. Nebel R. Beigang R. Wallenstein 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》1995,60(5):427-436
We report on a cw mode-locked non-critically phase matched KTP optical parametric oscillator synchronously pumped by a picosecond Ti:Sapphire laser. High average signal output power of up to 950 mW over a large tuning range has been achieved. For this OPO the influence of resonator-length detuning on the output power, pulse duration and spectral bandwidth has been investigated. The measured data are in good agreement with the results of a numerical simulation using a split-step Fourier method which considers the group-velocity mismatch, the group-velocity dispersion and the self-phase modulation. The numerical simulation also describes the measured strong pump depletion and its influence on the OPO output and efficiency. 相似文献
24.
We prove a character formula for any finite-dimensional irreducible representationV of the “queer” Lie superalgebra g=q(n). It expresses chV in terms of the multiplicities of the irreducible g-subquotients of the cohomology groups of certain dominant g-bundles on
the Π-symmetric projective spaces (i.e., on the homogeneous superspacesG/P whose reduced space is a projective space, whereG=Q(n)). We also establish recurrent relations for the above multiplicities, and this enables us to compute explicitly chV for any givenV. This provides a complete solution to the Kac character problem for the Lie superalgebraq(n). Finally, we consider the particular cases ofq(2), q(3), andq(4) in which we compare the new character formula with the generic character formula of [12].
Translated from Itogi Nauki i Tekhniki, Seriya Sovremennaya Matematika i Ee Prilozheniya. Tematicheskie Obzory. Vol. 41, Algebraic
Geometry-7, 1997. 相似文献
25.
A. M. Nikitin 《Journal of Mathematical Sciences》1997,87(6):4138-4146
An explicit way for producing invariants for 6-valent graphs with rigid vertices within the framework of Kauffman's approach
to graph invariants is presented. These invariants can be used to detect the chirality of a 6-valent graph with rigid vertices.
A relevant example is considered. Bibliography: 19 titles.
Translated fromZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 223, 1995, pp. 251–262.
Translated by A. M. Nikitin 相似文献
26.
A. K. Lopatin 《Ukrainian Mathematical Journal》1997,49(1):51-74
We consider the method of normal forms, the Bogolyubov averaging method, and the method of asymptotic decomposition proposed by Yu. A. Mitropol’skii and the author of this paper. Under certain assumptions about group-theoretic properties of a system of zero approximation, the results obtained by the method of asymptotic decomposition coincide with the results obtained by the method of normal forms or the Bogolyubov averaging method. We develop a new algorithm of asymptotic decomposition by a part of the variables and its partial case — the algorithm of averaging on a compact Lie group. For the first time, it became possible to consider asymptotic expansions of solutions of differential equations on noncommutative compact groups. 相似文献
27.
28.
We report on the first observation and studies of a weak delocalizing logarithmic temperature dependence of the conductivity,
which causes the conductivity of the 2D metal to increase as T decreases down to 16 mK. The prefactor of the logarithmic dependence is found to decrease gradually with density, to vanish
at a critical density n
c
, 2∼2×1012 cm−2, and then to have the opposite sign at n>n
c
,2. The second critical density sets the upper limit on the existence region of the 2D metal, whereas the conductivity at the
critical point, G
c
,2∼120e
2/h, sets an upper (low-temperature) limit on its conductivity.
Pis’ma Zh. éksp. Teor. Fiz. 68, No. 6, 497–501 (25 September 1998)
Published in English in the original Russian journal. Edited by Steve Torstveit. 相似文献
29.
S. A. Gurevich T. A. Zaraiskaya S. G. Konnikov V. M. Mikushkin S. Yu. Nikonov A. A. Sitnikova S. E. Sysoev V. V. Khorenko V. V. Shnitov Yu. S. Gordeev 《Physics of the Solid State》1997,39(10):1691-1695
The concentration and chemical state of copper in the subsurface region of Cu/SiO2 composite films obtained by simultaneous magnetron sputtering from two sources (Cu and SiO2) are determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). It is established that copper in the as-grown film is primarily in the form of unoxidized atoms dispersed in a SiO2 matrix. Annealing of the film results in practically no oxidation, but about 70% of the copper atoms condense into metallic clusters with sizes below 10 Å in the subsurface region and about 50 Å in the bulk of the film. The changes in the binding energy of core electrons, and especially in the energies of Auger electrons, are so large in this situation that photoelectron and Auger spectroscopy are efficient methods for monitoring the chemical state of this composite material. 相似文献
30.
Ya. V. Fattakhov M. F. Galyautdinov T. N. L’vova I. B. Khaibullin 《Technical Physics》1997,42(12):1457-1459
The first results regarding the formation of a two-dimensional periodic structure of local melting regions on a silicon surface
upon pulsed light irradiation are presented. The conditions are established, and the mechanism of the formation of such structures
is discussed.
Zh. Tekh. Fiz. 67, 97–99 (December 1997) 相似文献