两种螺旋角干气密封环端面摩擦特性试验研究

干气密封环端面的接触摩擦不容忽视,在槽型设计与优化时也应该考虑端面的摩擦特性.利用端面摩擦磨损试验机,分别对16°和18°两种螺旋角的螺旋槽干气密封环进行测试,通过对比分析磨损量、摩擦温度、摩擦系数以及表面粗糙度来讨论密封环的摩擦特性和两种螺旋角对端面摩擦性能的影响.结果表明:18°螺旋角试验的磨损量、摩擦温升和摩擦系数均稍大于16°螺旋角试验,说明18°螺旋角试件的磨损比16°螺旋角的更加剧烈;石墨环被螺旋槽覆盖的外圈粗糙度的变化有较大的差异,内圈粗糙度变化相似,说明槽型参数的改变对石墨环磨损的影响主要体现在外圈.试验结果为今后端面摩擦学性能的研究及槽型优化提供了依据.     

Evolution of Structural Defects in SiOx Films Fabricated by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Chemical Vapour Deposition upon Annealing Treatment

We study the structural defects in the SiO, film prepared by electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapour deposition and annealing recovery evolution. The photoluminescence property is observed in the as-deposited and annealed samples. [-SiO3]^2- defects are the luminescence centres of the ultraviolet photoluminescence （PL） from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and PL measurements. [-SiO3]^2- is observed by positron annihilation spectroscopy, and this defect can make the S parameters increase. After 1000℃ annealing, [-SiO3]^2- defects still exist in the films.     

Pr1-x Srx MnO3体系中O1s2p2p俄歇过程特性研究

对于组份为x=0.0和x=0.3的巨磁电阻锰氧化物Pr_1-x Sr_x MnO₃(PSMO)体系在OK阈值,Mn L_2,3边的区域内进行了O1s2p2p俄歇谱随光子能量变化的实验研究.实验结果显示O1s2p2p俄歇峰发生分裂并且可将其拟合为3个子峰.PSMO在OK阈值或Mn L_2,3边以下进行激发时,其俄歇峰3个子峰的相对强度基本保持恒定,然而反映终态效应特性的总强度却有起伏发生.这一状况在Mn L_2,3边以上激发时表现更为显著,即组份为x=0.3的总强度为x=0.0的4倍.对这些现象在共价键图     

Measurement of the spatial resolution and the relative density resolution in an industrial cone-beam micro computed tomography system

The spatial resolution and the relative density resolution are the two most critical indicators in CT system. The method recommended in the ASTM E1695-95 and GJB 5311-2004 is only suitable to the fan-beam CT system. In this paper, for industrial cone-beam micro CT system, we will adopt the edge response function (ERF) created by the step edges of a steel ball to measure the system 3D PSF and MTF. To describe the contrast discrimination function more accurately, we will first propose to extend the two-dimensional measurement region to the three-dimensional space. Our experimental spatial resolution is (55.56±0.56) lp/mm and the relative density resolution is 1% within 300 μm×300 μm×300 μm according to the 3σ rule.     

Respiratory motion correction with an improved demons algorithm for PET images

Respiratory motion is a major factor that affects the quality of PET images of the thoracic area. The diaphragm moves about 15-20 mm due to respiratory motion, which substantially degrades the effective spatial resolution of PET. In this paper, a gated acquisition method is used to correct the motion effects. In this method, an improved demons algorithm is proposed to align the gated images. The experimental results show that the quality of PET images is significantly improved when using our improved method and the proposed method has a faster convergence rate than the original demons algorithm.     

低能Cl^-在Al2O3绝缘微孔膜中的输运过程

研究了10 keV Cl^-离子穿越Al2O3绝缘微孔膜的物理过程,发现穿越的Cl^-其分布中心在初束中心即0°附近,Cl^-离子穿透率下降与几何穿透一致,这是典型的直接几何穿越有一定角发散的微孔导致的结果;而出射的Cl0和Cl^+以微孔轴向为中心分布,Cl^+和Cl0穿透率下降慢于几何穿透.模拟计算发现沉积电荷会使出射粒子中Cl^-占主要成分,并使出射Cl^-角分布中心移动到微孔轴向方向而随微孔膜倾角移动;而在不考虑沉积电荷的情况下,计算结果较好地符合了实验结果.通过分析在不同倾角下散射过程对出射粒子的角分布和电荷态分布的影响,发现绝大部分的Cl0是通过一次和两次散射出射的,其中一次散射出射的Cl0占主要成分,从而导致出射的Cl0沿微孔轴向出射而Cl^+主要是经过一次碰撞出射.这导致了随倾角增大,出射的Cl0穿透率下降速度比Cl^+小,Cl0所占比例相对增大较快,从而导致观测到的Cl^+/Cl0的比例下降.本文结果更仔细地描述了低能离子穿越绝缘体微孔的物理机理,印证了之前实验和理论工作的结果,发现在10 keV以上能区的Cl^-离子穿越绝缘微孔膜的过程中,沉积电荷并未起到主要作用,其主要穿透特征是散射过程造成的.     

Preliminary study of depth of interaction measurement for a PET detector

In this work we studied the feasibility of detecting the depth of interaction (DOI) with two layers of crystal arrays of LYSO and BGO scintillators coupled to a position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (PS-PMT) R8900-C12. A front-end electronics was designed, with which we got different pulse shapes for different crystals to obtain depth information. With the double integration method, we got the DOI histogram of a divided integration ratio of two crystals as the standard to determine the layer-of-interaction. The DOI accuracy, measured by scanning a ²²Na slit source along the side of the module, was 98% for the LYSO layer and 95% for the BGO layer. The energy resolution at 511keV was 13.1% for LYSO and 17.1% for BGO. We obtained good crystal separation in 2D position histograms of both layers. These results could be useful in the manufacture of PET scanners with high spatial resolutions.     

Evaluation of imaging protocol for ECT based on CS image reconstruction algorithm

Single-photon emission computerized tomography and positron emission tomography are essential med- ical imaging tools, for which the sampling angle number and scan time should be carefully chosen to give a good compromise between image quality and radiopharmaceutical dose. In this study, the image quality of different ac- quisition protocols was evaluated via varied angle number and count number per angle with Monte Carlo simulation data. It was shown that, when similar imaging counts were used, the factor of acquisition counts was more important than that of the sampling number in emission computerized tomography. To further reduce the activity requirement and the scan duration, an iterative image reconstruction algorithm for limited-view and low-dose tomography based on compressed sensing theory has been developed. The total variation regulation was added to the reconstruction process to improve the signal to noise Ratio and reduce artifacts caused by the limited angle sampling. Maximization of the maximum likelihood of the estimated image and the measured data and minimization of the total variation of the image are alternatively implemented. By using this advanced algorithm, the reconstruction process is able to achieve image quality matching or exceed that of normal scans with only half of the injection radiopharmaceutical dose.     

慢正电子束流技术在中国的发展

1930年,赵忠尧先生在研究硬γ射线在重金属中的散射现象时发现除康普顿散射和光电效应外的“反常吸收”,同时伴随能量约为0.5 MeV、辐射角分布各向同性的“特殊辐射”。1932年,赵忠尧先生在美国加州理工学院的同学安德森（C.D.Anderson）受此启发而在宇宙线的云雾室照片上首次观察到了正电子的轨迹。赵忠尧先生是发现正负电子湮没现象的第一人,对正电子的发现有重要贡献。