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51.
A LaBr3:Ce scintillator has a high light output (~60000 p.e/MeV) and a short decay constant (<25 ns), which makes it good for time spectrometry. Compared with a BaF2 scintillator, it can bear a much higher count rate, and can be coupled to photomultipliers without using a quartz window. In this work, a positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer (PALS) consisting of two bulks of φ25 mm×25 mm LaBr3:Ce scintillator coupled to two XP20D0 photomultipliers, respectively, was built. A time resolution of FWHM=206 ps was measured for the PALS with a 60Co source at the energy window for 22Na. With this spectrometer, a reasonable lifetime value τ=221±4 ps in a pure Si sample is obtained, which means that the utilization of LaBr3:Ce as the detector for a PALS is feasible. 相似文献
52.
We study the structural defects in the SiO, film prepared by electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapour deposition and annealing recovery evolution. The photoluminescence property is observed in the as-deposited and annealed samples. [-SiO3]^2- defects are the luminescence centres of the ultraviolet photoluminescence (PL) from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and PL measurements. [-SiO3]^2- is observed by positron annihilation spectroscopy, and this defect can make the S parameters increase. After 1000℃ annealing, [-SiO3]^2- defects still exist in the films. 相似文献
53.
干气密封环端面的接触摩擦不容忽视,在槽型设计与优化时也应该考虑端面的摩擦特性.利用端面摩擦磨损试验机,分别对16°和18°两种螺旋角的螺旋槽干气密封环进行测试,通过对比分析磨损量、摩擦温度、摩擦系数以及表面粗糙度来讨论密封环的摩擦特性和两种螺旋角对端面摩擦性能的影响.结果表明:18°螺旋角试验的磨损量、摩擦温升和摩擦系数均稍大于16°螺旋角试验,说明18°螺旋角试件的磨损比16°螺旋角的更加剧烈;石墨环被螺旋槽覆盖的外圈粗糙度的变化有较大的差异,内圈粗糙度变化相似,说明槽型参数的改变对石墨环磨损的影响主要体现在外圈.试验结果为今后端面摩擦学性能的研究及槽型优化提供了依据. 相似文献
54.
正电子是电子的反物质,是人类科学史上发现的第一个反物质。反物质经常出现在科幻作品中,但它却不完全是科幻的,而是真实存在且有科学依据的。在中国科学院高能物理研究所(以下简称“高能所”)的正负电子对撞机里每天上演着物质与反物质大战——正负电子对撞。在高能所,关于正电子的研究与应用远远不止有对撞机,还有更多关于它的科学研究。正电子湮没谱学和正电子发射断层成像技术(Positron Emission Tomography,PET)就是基于正电子在高能所扎根发芽,并不断茁壮成长的两个专门的学科。 相似文献
55.
A point spread function(PSF)for the blurring component in positron emission tomography(PET)is studied.The PSF matrix is derived from the single photon incidence response function.A statistical iterative reconstruction(IR)method based on the system matrix containing the PSF is developed.More specifically,the gamma photon incidence upon a crystal array is simulated by Monte Carlo(MC)simulation,and then the single photon incidence response functions are calculated.Subsequently,the single photon incidence response functions are used to compute the coincidence blurring factor according to the physical process of PET coincidence detection.Through weighting the ordinary system matrix response by the coincidence blurring factors,the IR system matrix containing the PSF is finally established.By using this system matrix,the image is reconstructed by an ordered subset expectation maximization(OSEM)algorithm.The experimental results show that the proposed system matrix can substantially improve the image radial resolution,contrast,and noise property.Furthermore,the simulated single gamma-ray incidence response function depends only on the crystal configuration,so the method could be extended to any PET scanner with the same detector crystal configuration. 相似文献
56.
在较温和的溶剂热条件下制备了一系列Al3+掺杂的ZnS纳米晶光催化剂.利用N2物理吸附、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和光致发光(PL)谱等技术对合成的样品进行了表征.考察了不同含量的Al3掺杂对ZnS的结晶度、比表面积、表面羟基、光吸收性能及其对不同染料的光催化降解性能的影响.结果表明,在140℃下合成的球状ZnS纳米晶具有较好的结晶度;Al3+掺杂在增加催化剂的比表面积的同时丰富了催化剂的表面羟基;此外,掺杂的Al3+可以明显抑制光生电子(e-)和空穴(h+)的复合,提高光催化反应效率.当掺杂最佳含量的6mol; Al时,可使催化剂光催化降解染料酸性橙Ⅱ、亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的降解率分别提高3.5、1.0和0.9倍. 相似文献
57.
研究了10 keV Cl^-离子穿越Al2O3绝缘微孔膜的物理过程,发现穿越的Cl^-其分布中心在初束中心即0°附近,Cl^-离子穿透率下降与几何穿透一致,这是典型的直接几何穿越有一定角发散的微孔导致的结果;而出射的Cl0和Cl^+以微孔轴向为中心分布,Cl^+和Cl0穿透率下降慢于几何穿透.模拟计算发现沉积电荷会使出射粒子中Cl^-占主要成分,并使出射Cl^-角分布中心移动到微孔轴向方向而随微孔膜倾角移动;而在不考虑沉积电荷的情况下,计算结果较好地符合了实验结果.通过分析在不同倾角下散射过程对出射粒子的角分布和电荷态分布的影响,发现绝大部分的Cl0是通过一次和两次散射出射的,其中一次散射出射的Cl0占主要成分,从而导致出射的Cl0沿微孔轴向出射而Cl^+主要是经过一次碰撞出射.这导致了随倾角增大,出射的Cl0穿透率下降速度比Cl^+小,Cl0所占比例相对增大较快,从而导致观测到的Cl^+/Cl0的比例下降.本文结果更仔细地描述了低能离子穿越绝缘体微孔的物理机理,印证了之前实验和理论工作的结果,发现在10 keV以上能区的Cl^-离子穿越绝缘微孔膜的过程中,沉积电荷并未起到主要作用,其主要穿透特征是散射过程造成的. 相似文献
58.
接触式机械密封端面经济加工分形维数 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
考虑端面形貌对机械密封性能和加工成本的影响,运用分形理论分析了端面分形参数与泄漏率之间的关系,提出了密封端面经济加工分形维数概念.针对GY-70型机械密封进行了密封性能试验和端面形貌参数测量,发现随着运行时间的推移,密封端面分形维数增大速率逐渐减小,泄漏率降低速率逐渐减小.当t为130 h时,泄漏率Q达到允许值5×10-6m3/h,D=1.645.结果表明:基于允许泄漏率的机械密封,具有一定的经济加工分形维数.合理设计密封端面分形维数可以避免盲目提高加工精度,缩短机械密封的磨合时间,实现初始密封. 相似文献
59.
60.
Single-photon emission computerized tomography and positron emission tomography are essential med- ical imaging tools, for which the sampling angle number and scan time should be carefully chosen to give a good compromise between image quality and radiopharmaceutical dose. In this study, the image quality of different ac- quisition protocols was evaluated via varied angle number and count number per angle with Monte Carlo simulation data. It was shown that, when similar imaging counts were used, the factor of acquisition counts was more important than that of the sampling number in emission computerized tomography. To further reduce the activity requirement and the scan duration, an iterative image reconstruction algorithm for limited-view and low-dose tomography based on compressed sensing theory has been developed. The total variation regulation was added to the reconstruction process to improve the signal to noise Ratio and reduce artifacts caused by the limited angle sampling. Maximization of the maximum likelihood of the estimated image and the measured data and minimization of the total variation of the image are alternatively implemented. By using this advanced algorithm, the reconstruction process is able to achieve image quality matching or exceed that of normal scans with only half of the injection radiopharmaceutical dose. 相似文献