脉冲慢正电子束流的直流化装置

在基于加速器的北京慢正电子强束流装置上, 用Penning-Trap技术实现了脉冲慢正电子束流的存储和直流化. 实验表明, 系统的真空度对正电子的存储效率有严重影响, 脉冲正电子的释放方式决定了直流化后束流的能量分散; 改变释放级信号波形以及释放方式可以得到能量分散小于1eV的准直流化慢正电子束流.     

A compact positron annihilation lifetime spectrometer

Using LYSO scintillator coupled on HAMAMATSU R9800 (a fast photomultiplier) to form the small size γ-ray detectors, a compact lifetime spectrometer has been built for the positron annihilation experiments. The system time resolution FWHM=193 ps and the coincidence counting rate ～8 cps/μCi were achieved. A lifetime value of 219±1 ps of positron annihilation in well annealed Si was tested, which is in agreement with the typical values published in the previous lectures.     

Evaluation of imaging protocol for ECT based on CS image reconstruction algorithm

Single-photon emission computerized tomography and positron emission tomography are essential medical imaging tools, for which the sampling angle number and scan time should be carefully chosen to give a good compromise between image quality and radiopharmaceutical dose. In this study, the image quality of different acquisition protocols was evaluated via varied angle number and count number per angle with Monte Carlo simulation data. It was shown that, when similar imaging counts were used, the factor of acquisition counts was more important than that of the sampling number in emission computerized tomography. To further reduce the activity requirement and the scan duration, an iterative image reconstruction algorithm for limited-view and low-dose tomography based on compressed sensing theory has been developed. The total variation regulation was added to the reconstruction process to improve the signal to noise Ratio and reduce artifacts caused by the limited angle sampling. Maximization of the maximum likelihood of the estimated image and the measured data and minimization of the total variation of the image are alternatively implemented. By using this advanced algorithm, the reconstruction process is able to achieve image quality matching or exceed that of normal scans with only half of the injection radiopharmaceutical dose.     

Performance evaluation of CsI screens for X-ray imaging

Cs I film has been one of the most extensively used scintillators for indirect X-ray imaging because of its needle-like micro-structure. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the imaging performance of Cs I screen as a function of thickness and radiation quality. Four multilayer scintillation screens with microcolumnar Cs I:Tl film(thicknesses of 50 μm, 100 μm, 200 μm and 300 μm) included were prepared and coupled to an optical imaging sensor. The modulation transfer function(MTF), normalized noise power spectrum(NNPS) and detective quantum efficiency(DQE) of these screens were evaluated based on the standard IEC 62220-1, and the results indicated that,in the medium spatial frequency range(1–6 lp/mm), the MTF of Cs I screens with the same thickness was lower when the incident X-ray photon energy was higher, possibly owing to scattering and K-fluorescence re-absorption effects. The NNPS in the higher spatial frequency range(above 8 lp/mm) is dominated by stochastic noise while the entrance surface air Kerma(ESAK) decreases. For 100 μm, 200 μm and 300 μm thick Cs I screens, the DQE under RQA7 and RQA9 is lower than that under RQA3 and RQA5 due to low absorption efficiency.     

Al3+掺杂ZnS纳米晶的合成、表征及其光催化性能

在较温和的溶剂热条件下制备了一系列Al3+掺杂的ZnS纳米晶光催化剂.利用N2物理吸附、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)、红外光谱(FT-IR)和光致发光(PL)谱等技术对合成的样品进行了表征.考察了不同含量的Al3掺杂对ZnS的结晶度、比表面积、表面羟基、光吸收性能及其对不同染料的光催化降解性能的影响.结果表明,在140℃下合成的球状ZnS纳米晶具有较好的结晶度;Al3+掺杂在增加催化剂的比表面积的同时丰富了催化剂的表面羟基;此外,掺杂的Al3+可以明显抑制光生电子(e-)和空穴(h+)的复合,提高光催化反应效率.当掺杂最佳含量的6mol; Al时,可使催化剂光催化降解染料酸性橙Ⅱ、亚甲基蓝和罗丹明B的降解率分别提高3.5、1.0和0.9倍.     

两种螺旋角干气密封环端面摩擦特性试验研究

干气密封环端面的接触摩擦不容忽视,在槽型设计与优化时也应该考虑端面的摩擦特性.利用端面摩擦磨损试验机,分别对16°和18°两种螺旋角的螺旋槽干气密封环进行测试,通过对比分析磨损量、摩擦温度、摩擦系数以及表面粗糙度来讨论密封环的摩擦特性和两种螺旋角对端面摩擦性能的影响.结果表明:18°螺旋角试验的磨损量、摩擦温升和摩擦系数均稍大于16°螺旋角试验,说明18°螺旋角试件的磨损比16°螺旋角的更加剧烈;石墨环被螺旋槽覆盖的外圈粗糙度的变化有较大的差异,内圈粗糙度变化相似,说明槽型参数的改变对石墨环磨损的影响主要体现在外圈.试验结果为今后端面摩擦学性能的研究及槽型优化提供了依据.     

Kerr-lens mode-locked polycrystalline Cr:ZnS femtosecond laser pumped by a monolithic Er:YAG laser

We demonstrated a Kerr-lens mode-locked polycrystalline Cr:ZnS laser pumped by a narrow-linewidth linearpolarised monolithic Er:YAG nonplanar ring oscillator operated at 1645 nm. With a 5-mm-thick sapphire plate for intracavity dispersion compensation, a compact and stable Kerr-lens mode-locking operation was realised. The oscillator delivered 125-fs pulses at 2347 nm with an average power of 80 m W. Owing to the special polycrystalline structure of the Cr:ZnS crystal, the second to fourth harmonic generation was observed by random quasi-phase-matching.     

Positronium annihilation in silica aerogel studied by a positron age-momentum correlation technique

A high-performance positron age-momentum correlation (AMOC) spectrometer was newly developed. The counting rate is increased up to 200 cps much larger than the value 20~cps reported by other international groups. And at the same time, the time resolution still keeps at the international level of 220 ps. Furthermore, positronium (Ps) annihilation in silica aerogel was investigated by AMOC, which indicates: (1) Ps annihilation between the grains dominantly undergoes pick-off process and spin conversion from o-Ps to p-Ps; (2) Annealing below 400 ℃ changes the grain surface conditions, i. e. the desorption of hydrogen and the decrease of the defect centers concentration.     

Evolution of Structural Defects in SiOx Films Fabricated by Electron Cyclotron Resonance Plasma Chemical Vapour Deposition upon Annealing Treatment

We study the structural defects in the SiO, film prepared by electron cyclotron resonance plasma chemical vapour deposition and annealing recovery evolution. The photoluminescence property is observed in the as-deposited and annealed samples. [-SiO3]^2- defects are the luminescence centres of the ultraviolet photoluminescence （PL） from the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and PL measurements. [-SiO3]^2- is observed by positron annihilation spectroscopy, and this defect can make the S parameters increase. After 1000℃ annealing, [-SiO3]^2- defects still exist in the films.     

Pr1-x Srx MnO3体系中O1s2p2p俄歇过程特性研究

对于组份为x=0.0和x=0.3的巨磁电阻锰氧化物Pr_1-x Sr_x MnO₃(PSMO)体系在OK阈值,Mn L_2,3边的区域内进行了O1s2p2p俄歇谱随光子能量变化的实验研究.实验结果显示O1s2p2p俄歇峰发生分裂并且可将其拟合为3个子峰.PSMO在OK阈值或Mn L_2,3边以下进行激发时,其俄歇峰3个子峰的相对强度基本保持恒定,然而反映终态效应特性的总强度却有起伏发生.这一状况在Mn L_2,3边以上激发时表现更为显著,即组份为x=0.3的总强度为x=0.0的4倍.对这些现象在共价键图