Swelling of K+, Na+ and Ca2+-montmorillonites and hydration of interlayer cations: a molecular dynamics simulation

This paper performs molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the role of the monovalent cations K, Na and the divalent cation Ca on the stability and swelling of montmorillonite. The recently developed CLAYFF force field is used to predict the basal spacing as a function of the water content in the interlayer. The simulations reproduced the swelling pattern of these montmorillonites, suggesting a mechanism of their hydration different (K+ 相似文献   

新型轻质储氢材料的第一性原理原子尺度设计

综述了近几年涌现出的一批新型轻质储氢材料,包括：碳纳米管、金属有机框架多孔材料、Al/B系复杂氢化物、金属-氮-氢系、金属有机复合物等,对其中采用第一性原理研究所取得的成果和最新的进展做了介绍,并结合实验结果做了应用分析.总结了各轻质储氢材料关联,为各种储氢材料设计之间提供了可以相互借鉴的方法,以便发展新的研究思路. 关键词： 储氢材料 第一性原理 从头算 密度泛函理论     

密度泛函理论研究Pu+O2反应机理及键的特点

通过建立Pu与O2反应的理论模型,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)系统研究了钚原子与氧气分子的微观反应机理。优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,并用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标(IRC)方法验证了过渡态,得到了该反应的反应势能曲线和微观反应路径。此外,用分子中的原子理论（AIM）和电子定域函数(ELF)理论方法探究了反应过程中各原子间化学键的演化特点。结果表明,这一反应体系有两条不同的反应路径,反应产物分别是PuO2和PuO+O; 能量分析表明,生成PuO2的反应更容易发生。     

Al的微观组态与LaNi3.75Al1.25的结构和弹性第一性原理研究

在全电子水平上，采用广义梯度近似密度泛函理论和全势能线性缀加平面波方法并结合二维立方拟合方法，对LaNi_3.75Al_1.25合金的晶体结构与弹性性质进行了理论研究.计算结果给出合金的晶格常数a=b=0.5137　nm，c=0.4018　nm，Al原子在晶胞中的微观分布为同时占据部分3g和2c等价格位，弹性常数C₁₁+C₁₂=281.2，C₁₃=82.3，C₃₃=227.3，以及体弹性模量B＝124.5、切变模量G＝68.2　GPa.还对态密度、能带结构和电荷密度进行了计算分析，并给出材料LaNi_3.75Al_1.25的电子线性比热系数23.45　mJ/molK². 关键词： 3.75Al_1.25')" href="#">LaNi_3.75Al_1.25 储氢合金 全势能线性缀加平面波 弹性常数     

密度泛函理论研究Pu+O_2反应机理及键的特点

通过建立Pu与O_2反应的理论模型,采用密度泛函理论(DFT)系统研究了钚原子与氧气分子的微观反应机理.优化了反应势能面上各驻点的几何结构,并用频率分析方法和内禀反应坐标(IRC)方法验证了过渡态,得到了该反应的反应势能曲线和微观反应路径.此外,用分子中的原子理论(AIM)和电子定域函数(ELF)理论方法探究了反应过程中各原子间化学键的演化特点.结果表明,这一反应体系有两条不同的反应路径,反应产物分别是PuO_2和Pu O+O;能量分析表明,生成PuO_2的反应更容易发生.     

Effect of Intense Laser Irradiation on the Lattice Stability of Al_2Au

The structural, electronic and lattice-dynamical properties of the intermetallic Al 2 Au at different electronic temperatures have been investigated via density functional calculations. The results of electronic density of state indicate that, although its value changes considerably, Al2Au is still of metal with the increasing of electronic temperature. The acoustic mode of Al2Au gets negative which leads to lattice dynamical instability when the electronic temperature is beyond 1.44 eV. Moreover, with the increasing of the electronic temperature, the vibrational frequencies of the T1u optical mode (triply degenerate) of Al2Au at Γ point decrease first and increase then, the turning point is at Te = 1.40 eV. T2g optical mode at Γ point has a similar situation, but the turning point is at Te = 1.80 eV. The predicted melting temperatures of Al2Au undergo a sharp decrease from 1333K at normal temperature to 1172 K at Te = 1.8 eV after intense laser irradiation.     

Abnormal lattice contraction of plutonium hydrides studied by first-principles calculations

Pu can be loaded with H forming complicated continuous solid solutions and compounds, and causing remarkable electronic and structural changes. Full potential linearized augmented plane wave methods combining with Hubbard parameter U and the spin-orbit effects are employed to investigate the electronic and structural properties of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric face-centered cubic Pu hydrides (PuH_x, x=2, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75, 3). The decreasing trend with increasing x of the calculated lattice parameters is in reasonable agreement with the experimental findings. A comparative analysis of the electronic-structure results for a series of PuH_x compositions reveals that the lattice contraction is resulted from the associated effects of the enhanced chemical bonding and the size effects involving the interstitial atoms. We find that the size effects are the driving force for the abnormal lattice contraction.     

LaH2分子基态（C2V,X2A1）的势能函数

在QCISD水平上基于相对论紧致有效势（RCEP:Relativistic Compact Effective Poten-tial)方法优化出的LaH2分子的基态为C2v(X2A1)构型,其∠HLaH=124.4°、平衡核间距Re=2.1945A和离解能De=5.599eV,并计算出谐振频率：v1=1216.521cm-1、v2=1087.417cm-1和v3=2156.9572cm-1。在此基础上,应用多体项展式理论,导出了基态LaH2的分析势能函数,该势能表面准确地再现了LaH2(C2v)平衡结构,并根据势能函数等值图讨论了H+LaH反应和La+H2反应的势能面静态特征,结果表明在La+H2通道上存一个能垒为1.6eV的鞍点,而H+LaH反应通道是无阈能的。     

PuO3和PuO+3的分子结构与分子光谱

用相对论有效原子实势RECP和密度泛函(B3LYP, BHANDHLYP)、HF方法对PuO3的分子结构与分子光谱进行了研究.计算比较了C2v, D3h, C3v等构型以及计算方法等对PuO3分子能量和平衡结构的影响,结果表明中性的PuO3能够稳定存在,基态结构为C2v,状态为7B1 (B3LYP R1＝0.19143 nm, R2(＝R3)＝0.22057 nm, ∠OPuO＝102.2108°),比较而言PuO3分子还可能存在D3h结构的亚稳态7A2″,不存在稳定的C3v结构的PuO3分子.计算还同时首次给出了不同多重性的PuO3分子及其一价正离子PuO+3完整的能量、平衡几何结构、光谱数据、电荷布居、自旋密度、极化率与电偶极矩等系列数据.     

Ab initio study on the electronic states and laser cooling of AlCl and AlBr

We investigate whether AlCl and AlBr are promising candidates for laser cooling. We report new ab initio calculations on the ground state X~1Σ~+ and two low-lying states(A~1Π and a~3Π) of AlCl and AlBr. The calculated spectroscopic constants show good agreement with available theoretical and experimental results. We also obtain the permanent dipole moments(PDMs) curve at multi-reference configuration interaction(MRCI) level of theory. The transition properties of A~1Π and a~3Π states are predicted, including the transition dipole moments(TDMs), Franck–Condon factors(FCFs), radiative times and radiative width. The calculated radiative lifetimes are of the order of a nanosecond, implying that they are sufficiently short for rapid laser cooling. Both AlCl and AlBr have highly diagonally distributed FCFs which are crucial requirement for molecular laser cooling. The results demonstrate the feasibility of laser cooling AlCl and AlBr, and we propose laser cooling schemes for AlCl and AlBr.