椭圆方程的变换群与变分恒等式

讨论了椭圆方程的变换群与变分恒等式的关系,利用变分对称群的性质得到一类变分恒等式.通过计算变分对称群得到了寻找非星形区域方法并举例进行了说明.     

基于点缺陷扩散理论与离散位错动力学耦合的位错攀移模型研究

位错的攀移运动对高温下晶体材料的塑性行为有重要影响,为了能够有效揭示攀移的物理本质及其对塑性行为的作用,本文基于点缺陷扩散理论,通过将体扩散和管扩散机理的共同作用与三维离散位错动力学耦合,建立了适用条件更广的位错攀移模型. 利用此模型我们模拟了单个及多个棱柱型位错环的收缩变形过程,发现影响位错攀移速率的决定因素不是传统理论认为的机械攀移力,而是位错周围(体扩散)及位错段上(管扩散)的空位浓度梯度. 该模型也能够完全重现棱柱型位错环群的粗化过程中不同位错环半径及晶体内平均空位浓度随时间变化的三个阶段. 关键词： 位错攀移 点缺陷扩散理论 位错动力学 棱柱位错环     

High-order harmonic generation with a two-color laser pulse

We theoretically investigate the electron dynamics of the high-order harmonics generation process by combining a near-infrared 800 nm driving pulse with a mid-infrared 2000 nm control field. We also investigate the emission time of harmonics using time-frequency analysis to illustrate the physical mechanisms of high-order harmonic generation. We calculate the ionization rate using the Ammosov-Delone-Krainov model and interpret the variations in harmonic intensity for different control field strengths and delays. We find that the width of the harmonic plateau can be extended when the control electric field is added, and a supercontinuum from 198 to 435 eV is generated, from which an isolated 61-as pulse can be directly obtained.     

一种可绝对定量核酸的数字PCR微流控芯片

构建了一种新型的可进行核酸单分子扩增和核酸绝对定量的数字聚合酶链式反应(数字PCR)微流控芯片. 应用多层软光刻技术, 以聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)作为芯片材料, 盖玻片作为基底制作了具有3层结构以及微阀控制功能的微流控芯片. 芯片的大小与载玻片相当, 可同时检测4个样品, 每个样品通入芯片后平均分配到640个反应小室, 每个小室的体积为6 nL. 以从肺癌细胞A549中提取的18sRNA为样品检测了该芯片的可行性. 将样品稀释数倍后通入芯片, 核酸分子随机分布在640个小室中并扩增. 核酸分子在芯片中的分布符合泊松分布原理, 当样品中待测核酸分子平均拷贝数低于0.5个/小室时, 则每个反应小室包含0个或1个分子. 经过PCR扩增后, 有模板分子的小室检测结果为阳性反应, 而无模板分子的小室为阴性反应, 最后通过计数阳性反应室的个数, 可绝对定量原始待测样品中的目标DNA分子拷贝数. 实验结果表明, 该数字 PCR芯片可实现DNA单分子反应和核酸绝对定量, 具有成本低、 灵敏度高、 节省时间和试剂以及操作简单等优点, 为数字PCR方法在普通实验室的应用提供了一种新途径, 可用于癌症及感染性疾病的早期诊断、 单细胞分析、 产前诊断以及各种细菌病毒的核酸检验等研究.     

频域有限元计算的扩展面向目标误差估计

研究了针对频域有限元直接动态分析的面向目标误差估计以及误差范围估计计算方法．面向目标的误差估计方法就是专门针对如何准确和经济地估算特定值误差的一种方法,利用原问题的共轭偶问题进行计算．频域有限元的直接动态分析是模拟频域扫描实验的一种计算方法,专门针对谐振激励的线性动态响应问题,利用将原自由度分解为实部和虚部描述频率的变化,从而计算变形体的动态响应．利用扩展针对有限元的面向目标误差估计的自由度,将该方法应用到直接动态分析中进行误差估计．通过建立同时包含实部和虚部自由度的能量弱形式及偶问题,并将其数值实现,估算频域直接动态分析有限元解的误差及误差范围,并通过悬臂梁的激振算例进行了验证．     

Goal-oriented error estimation applied to direct solution of steady-state analysis with frequency-domain finite element method

Based on the concept of the constitutive relation error along with the residuals of both the origin and the dual problems,a goal-oriented error estimation method with extended degrees of freedom is developed.It leads to the high quality local error bounds in the problem of the direct-solution steady-state dynamic analysis with a frequency-domain finite element,which involves the enrichments with plural variable basis functions.The solution of the steady-state dynamic procedure calculates the harmonic response directly in terms of the physical degrees of freedom in the model,which uses the mass,damping,and stiffness matrices of the system.A three-dimensional finite element example is carried out to illustrate the computational procedures.     

Resistive switching characteristic and uniformity of low-power HfO_x-based resistive random access memory with the BN insertion layer

In this letter,the Ta/HfO_x/BN/TiN resistive switching devices are fabricated and they exhibit low power consumption and high uniformity each.The reset current is reduced for the HfO_x/BN bilayer device compared with that for the Ta/HfO_x/TiN structure.Furthermore,the reset current decreases with increasing BN thickness.The HfO_x layer is a dominating switching layer,while the low-permittivity and high-resistivity BN layer acts as a barrier of electrons injection into TiN electrode.The current conduction mechanism of low resistance state in the HfO_x/BN bilayer device is space-chargelimited current(SCLC),while it is Ohmic conduction in the HfO_x device.     

光催化技术简介

介绍了光催化反应原理,光催化剂TiO2的晶体结构,以及光催化技术存在的主要问题,如量子产率偏低、光谱响应范围窄、催化剂分离和回收难、高浓度废水透光率低、光催化剂失活等,并简要分析了光催化剂的研究现状。     

Muon radiography technology for detecting high-Z materials

This paper studies the possibility of using the scattering of cosmic muons to identify threatening high-Z materials. Various scenarios of threat material detection are simulated with the Geant4 toolkit. PoCA （Point of Closest Approach） algorithm reconstructing muon track gives 3D radiography images of the target material. Z-discrimination capability, effects of the placement of high-Z materials, shielding materials inside the cargo, and spatial resolution of position sensitive detector for muon radiography are carefully studied. Our results show that a detector position resolution of 50 μm is good enough for shielded materials detection.     

Synthesis and properties of Au-Fe3O4 and Ag-FeaO4 heterodimeric nanoparticles

Monodisperse Au-Fe3O4 heterodimeric nanoparticles （NPs） were prepared by injecting precursors into a hot reaction solution. The size of Au and Fe3O4 particles can be controlled by changing the injection temperature. UVis spectra show that the surface plasma resonance band of Au-Fe3O4 heterodimeric NPs was evidently red-shifted compared with the resonance band of Au NPs of similar size. The as-prepared heterodimeric Au-Fe3O4 NPs exhibited superparamagnetic properties at room temperature. The Ag-Fe3O4 heterodimeric NPs were also prepared by this synthetic method simply using AgNO3 as precursor instead of HAuCl4. It is indicated that the reported method can be readily extended to the synthesis of other noble metal conjugated heterodimeric NPs.