通解矩阵(英文)

用消元法程序在计算机上求含ｍ个方程ｎ个未知量的线性代数方程组的通解的问题现在仍然没有得到解决．本文首先给出一个称为“通解矩阵”的新定义，然后证明两个有关定理．以此为基础，使解决上述问题成为一件容易的事．     

Enhancement of charging performance of quantum battery via quantum coherence of bath

An open quantum battery (QB) model of a single qubit system charging in a coherent auxiliary bath (CAB) consisting of a series of independent coherent ancillae is considered. According to the collision charging protocol we derive a quantum master equation and obtain the analytical solution of QB in a steady state. We find that the full charging capacity (or the maximal extractable work (MEW)) of QB, in the weak QB-ancilla coupling limit, is positively correlated with the coherence magnitude of ancilla. Combining with the numerical simulations we compare with the charging properties of QB at finite coupling strength, such as the MEW, average charging power and the charging efficiency, when considering the bath to be a thermal auxiliary bath (TAB) and a CAB, respectively. We find that when the QB with CAB, in the weak coupling regime, is in fully charging, both its capacity and charging efficiency can go beyond its classical counterpart, and they increase with the increase of coherence magnitude of ancilla. In addition, the MEW of QB in the regime of relative strong coupling and strong coherent magnitude shows the oscillatory behavior with the charging time increasing, and the first peak value can even be larger than the full charging MEW of QB. This also leads to a much larger average charging power than that of QB with TAB in a short-time charging process. These features suggest that with the help of quantum coherence of CAB it becomes feasible to switch the charging schemes between the long-time slow charging protocol with large capacity and high efficiency and the short-time rapid charging protocol with highly charging power only by adjusting the coupling strength of QB-ancilla. This work clearly demonstrates that the quantum coherence of bath can not only serve as the role of "fuel" of QB to be utilized to improve the QB's charging performance but also provide an alternative way to integrate the different charging protocols into a single QB.     

土豆基碳量子点的制备、Mn掺杂及在Ag+检测中的应用

以土豆为碳源采用水热法合成了发光碳量子点(CQDs),向体系中加入碳酸锰,合成了锰掺杂的CQDs(Mn-CQDs)。用透射电镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱、紫外-可见吸收光谱、荧光光谱、红外光谱等对样品进行了表征。结果表明:CQDs和Mn-CQDs为球状,平均粒径3~5 nm;Mn掺杂增强了CQDs的荧光强度及稳定性;CQDs和Mn-CQDs最大激发波长分别为435 nm、395 nm,对应的发射波长分别为525 nm、465 nm。将CQDs、Mn-CQDs用于金属离子检测,它们都对Ag⁺具有很好的选择性,对Ag⁺的检测限分别为0.064 μmol/L、0.027 μmol/L,表明CQDs、Mn-CQDs可应用于水介质中Ag⁺的痕量检测,Mn-CQDs具有更高的灵敏度。     

燃气热泵(GHP)系统制冷工况的数值模拟与分析

通过建立天然气发动机驱动热泵系统的数学模型,研究了制冷工况下,点火提前角、压缩比、过量空气系数,发动机转速等参数对天然气发动机及整个热泵系统运行性能的影响,为天然气发动机的优化设计提供一定的理论依据,并且预测了燃气热泵的性能,证明了该系统具有较好的部分负荷特性.     

创建促进有机化学实验教学的多媒体系统

在有机化学实验室建立了一个视频音频的多媒体运行系统。该系统有利于提高有机化学实验的教学效果,是对实验室教学和管理方式的改进。     

环形两嵌段共聚物在软受限条件下自组装行为的Monte Carlo模拟

本文采用Monte Carlo模拟方法考察了环形两嵌段共聚物在软受限条件下的自组装行为。模拟结果表明通过调节嵌段比例,AB环形两嵌段共聚物能够在软受限条件下形成A、B呈交替排列层状相的蛹状粒子,A嵌段呈条带状环绕B相区的椭球粒子以及A嵌段呈块状六角堆积排布的补丁状粒子等多种有序结构。通过考察嵌段间的不相容性和嵌段的疏水性对体系聚集体形貌结构和自组装过程的影响,模拟结果给出了补丁状粒子这一具有特殊有序结构粒子的形成条件,即嵌段的疏水性较弱或不同种嵌段间的不相容性较强的体系中,少组分嵌段A易于在多组分嵌段B形成的连续相中形成具有块状微相结构的补丁状粒子。上述模拟结果能够为人们对环形两嵌段共聚物在纳米材料领域的潜在应用提供理论依据和新思路,使人们对环形两嵌段共聚物在三维软受限中的自组装行为有更进一步的了解。     

Cl+HD反应产物的极化与态分布

利用准经典轨线理论,在BW2和G3两个势能面上,研究了Cl+HD反应的动力学.计算结果表明,产物的转动取向对势能面及反应体系的质量因子非常敏感.在BW2势能面上,计算的两个产物的转动取向强于在G3势能面上计算的结果,而无论是在BW2势能面上还是在G3势能面上,DCl产物的取向都强于HCl产物的取向.计算结果还表明,在不同的势能面上反应物的转动激发对反应的影响有着显著的不同.在BW2势能面上,反应物的初始转动激发有利于Cl+HD反应的进行;而在G3势能面上,反应物的初始转动激发消弱了反应的反应性.     

Ba+HF(v,J)→BaF(v′,J′)+H反应的准经典轨线研究

首次构造了放热反应Ba+HF(v,J)→BaF(v′,J′)+H的LEPS势能面,并且进行了准经典轨线研究. 对于初始基态,和初始第一激发态的反应物HF,计算得到的BaF产物态分布与实验吻合得比较好. 对产物取向的研究表明,反应体系的质量组合是产物取向的决定因素.反应过程中,直接的提取反应和间接的插入反应是两种竞争的微观反应通道,这种竞争是由于在Ba原子进攻HF分子的时候,即使进攻方向偏离了HF共线的方向也不会引起能垒高度的明显增加.而且低的反应物平动能倾向于提取反应而高的HF振动激发会导致插入反应.     

含二苯并-18-冠-6冠醚环的偶氮型液晶冠醚的合成

含二苯并-18-冠-6冠醚环的偶氮型液晶冠醚的合成;偶氮型;冠醚;热致性液晶;合成