卟啉及其衍生物合成进展

按卟啉母核的不同合成方法,介绍了卟啉衍生物的合成进展。从各种小分子的缩合而合成卟啉的方法包括经典的Alder-Long法、Lindsey法和新颖的[2＋2]法、[3＋1]法。这些方法能够合成许多结构复杂的卟啉。对卟啉大分子进行β-、meso-位功能团的引入,有卤代、硝化、甲酰化等,并能进一步转化成其它功能团。     

漆酚-酪氨酸功能基树脂的合成及对多酚氧化酶的固定化

漆酚-酪氨酸功能基树脂的合成及对多酚氧化酶的固定化     

载荷诱导骨生长的力学细胞生物学机制

骨骼的结构和功能在很大程度上依赖于其所处的力学环境,这一观点已被广为接受．自从Ｗｏｌｆｆ提出其著名的骨转换定律以来,骨生长与载荷间的关系一直是生物力学中一个重要的问题．大量的动物实验均证明二者之间存在明确的关联．然而,载荷诱导骨生长的力学细胞生物学（ｍｅｃｈａｎｏｃｙ－ｔｏｂｉｏｌｏｇｙ）机制仍很不清楚．十余年来体外培养骨骼细胞加载的研究为应力（应变）诱导骨生长提供了一个微观理论框架．目前认为,载荷诱导骨生长的过程可分为四个环节,即：力学耦联、生物化学耦联、胞间信号转导和效应细胞反应．详细阐述了这几个环节,并就今后的研究方向作一讨论．     

FORMATIONS OF FRACTAL ISLANDS AGGREGATED WITH DISCS IN GAUSSIAN DISTRIBUTION ON NONLATTICE SUBSTRATES

The growth mechanism of fractal islands on a two-dimensional nonlattice substrate with periodic boundary conditions has been investigated by using Monte Carlo technique. Results show that the fractal dimension d_f of the final ramified islands is almost independent of the diffusion step length, mobility and rigid rotation of the islands. The characteristics of the size distribution of the discs in an island do not change the dimension d_f of the island. However, we find that d_f increases linearly with the surface coverage ρ of the system and its slope decreases with the increase of the mean diameter of the discs.     

AB INITIO STUDY ON THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE AND MAGNETISM OF MnAs, MnSb, AND MnBi

We report the results of first-principles calculations on the electronic structure in ferromagnetic and non-magnetic hexagonal MnV (V=As, Sb, Bi). The calculations are based on the local-spin-density approximation (LSDA) of the density-functional theory (DFT) as well as the atomic sphere approximation (ASA) in the linear muffin-tin orbitals (LMTO) method. For the non-spin-polarized case, the calculated bands in these compounds exhibit p-d mixing in the vicnity of Fermi energy and the Mn 3d bands dominate the antibonding parts of p-d hybride. The spin-polarization in ferromagnetic states are mainly due to the splitting of anti-bonding bands from p-d mixing. The calculated spin moments in these compounds agree fairly well with experimental values and refine previous band calculations. In the spin-polarized band structure, the Mn 3d electrons are found to exhibit week dispersions.     

一种基于 k-means 聚类和半监督学习的医学图像分割算法

医学图像分割是计算机视觉和图像处理领域近年来研究的热点问题之一。一种基于k-means聚类和半监督学习的医学图像分割新算法被提出。在k-means聚类模型中,相似度函数是关系到聚类效果好坏的关键因素。所使用的相似度函数通过基于side-information的半监督学习方法来确定;确定后的相似度函数又被运用回k-means聚类模型中来实现对医学图像的分割。为了检验该算法效果,脑部肿瘤患者的磁共振图像被运用在实验中。分析结果表明:该算法在本文所采用的实例中能获得优于传统算法的分割效果。     

人体目标光谱特性对微光像增强器视距的影响

为研究不同人体目标的反射光谱特性对微光像增强器视距的影响,以夜天空辐射光谱特性和常见衣服的光谱反射系数为基础,建立了人体目标的反射光谱分布方程,分析了人体目标穿着不同材质和颜色衣服时的反射光谱特性,并从微光像增强器视距实际探测方程出发,讨论了微光像增强器对不同人体目标的探测能力。发现不同人体目标的反射光谱特性对微光像增强器视距的影响主要体现在平均反射率和目标背景初始对比度C₀方面,棉质衣服的反射系数和光谱反射强度比涤纶衣服高,微光像增强器对穿着棉质衣服的人体目标的探测能力更强。微光像增强器对穿着同样颜色棉质衣服的人体目标的视距比穿着涤纶衣服远,对穿着浅色衣服的人体目标的视距比穿着深色衣服远,在满月情况下像增强器对衣服的材质更敏感。     

A comparison of single shot nanosecond and femtosecond polarization-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy of Al

Aluminum samples have been analyzed by femtosecond polarization-resolved laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (fs-PRLIBS). We compare the obtained spectra with those obtained from nanosecond PRLIBS (ns-PRLIBS). The main specific features of fs-PRLIBS are that a lower plasma temperature leads to a low level of continuum and no species are detected from the ambient gas. Furthermore, signals obtained by fs-PRLIBS show a higher stability than those of ns-PRLIBS. However, more elements are detected in the ns-PRLIBS spectra.     

导电高分子PEDOT/PSS保护银纳米颗粒的制备与表征

利用导电高分子聚(3,4-二氧乙基噻吩)/聚(对苯乙烯磺酸)(PEDOT/PSS)作保护剂,制备了银纳米颗粒,用UV-Vis和TEM对其进行了表征.结果表明,选择合适量的PEDOT/PSS保护剂可以得到大小分布较窄银纳米颗粒.     

光学教学中的偏振度定义

分析了当前国内部分光学教材中对偏振度定义的歧义,指出依照电矢量在不同方向上的强度来定义偏振度的不完整性,并由此提出教学中的注意点．