芜菁籽不同溶剂提取物体外抗氧化活性研究

通过体外试验初步研究芜菁籽提取物的抗氧化活性。用95%乙醇为溶剂提取芜菁籽,采用有机溶剂萃取法将提取物分为石油醚相,乙酸乙酯相,正丁醇相和水相等4个不同极性部位、同时测定了各相提取物对羟自由基,超氧阴离子自由基,DPPH自由基的清除能力,并与合成抗氧化剂BHT进行对照。结果表明,芜菁籽提取物的不同极性部位均有抗氧化活性,其抗氧化效果随着浓度的增加而增强,乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的还原能力及清除O-2.,DPPH和.OH的能力均强于水相和石油醚相,乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相的抗氧化作用强,是天然抗氧化剂的良好来源,应对其进一步分离纯化。     

Nonlinear inversion of ultrasonic guided waves for in vivo evaluation of cortical bone properties

Ultrasonic guided waves (UGWs), which propagate throughout the entire thickness of cortical bone, are attractive for the early diagnosis of osteoporosis. However, this is challenging due to the impact of soft tissue and the inherent difficulties related to multiparametric inversion of cortical bone quality factors, such as cortical thickness and bulk wave velocity. Therefore, in this research, a UGW-based multi-parameter inversion algorithm is developed to predict strength-related factors. In simulation, a free plate (cortical bone) and a bilayer plate (soft tissue and cortical bone) are used to validate the proposed method. The inversed cortical thickness (CTh), longitudinal velocity (V_L) and transverse velocity (V_T) are in accordance with the true values. Then four bovine cortical bone plates were used in in vitro experiments. Compared with the reference values, the relative errors for cortical thickness were 3.96%, 0.83%, 2.87%, and 4.25%, respectively. In the in vivo measurements, UGWs are collected from the tibias of 10 volunteers. The theoretical dispersion curves depicted by the estimated parameters (V_T, V_L, CTh) match well with the extracted experimental ones. In comparison with dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, our results show that the estimated transverse velocity and cortical thickness are highly sensitive to osteoporosis. Therefore, these two parameters (CTh and V_T) of long bones have potential to be used for diagnosis of bone status in clinical applications.     

Amplitude modulation excitation for cancellous bone evaluation using a portable ultrasonic backscatter instrumentation

The ultrasonic backscatter (UB) has the advantage of non-invasively obtaining bone density and structure, expected to be an assessment tool for early diagnosis osteoporosis. All former UB measurements were based on exciting a short single-pulse and analyzing the ultrasonic signals backscattered in bone. This study aims to examine amplitude modulation (AM) ultrasonic excitation with UB measurements for predicting bone characteristics. The AM multiple lengths excitation and backscatter measurement (AM-UB) functions were integrated into a portable ultrasonic instrument for bone characterization. The apparent integrated backscatter coefficient in the AM excitation (AIB_AM) was evaluated on the AM-UB instrumentation. The correlation coefficients of the AIB_AM estimating volume fraction (BV/TV), structure model index (SMI), and bone mineral density (BMD) were then analyzed. Significant correlations (|R| = 0.82-0.93, p < 0.05) were observed between the AIB_AM, BV/TV, SMI, and BMD. By growing the AM excitation length, the AIB_AM values exhibit more stability both in 1.0-MHz and 3.5-MHz measurements. The recommendations in AM-UB measurement were that the avoided length (T1) should be lower than AM excitation length, and the analysis length (T2) should be enough long but not more than AM excitation length. The authors conducted an AM-UB measurement for cancellous bone characterization. Increasing the AM excitation length could substantially enhance AIB_AM values stability with varying analyzed signals. The study suggests the portable AM-UB instrument with the integration of real-time analytics software that might provide a potential tool for osteoporosis early screening.     

Transfer Ionization of Helium in Collisions with C^q＋ and O^q＋ （q =1 - 3）

Cross-section ratios σTI/σSC of transfer ionization （TI） to single capture （SC） of C^q＋- and O^q＋-He （q = 1 - 3） collisions in the energy range of 15-440 keV/u （0.8-4.2 vBohr） are experimentally determined. It is shown that σTI/σSC strongly depends on the projectile velocity, and there is a maximum for E（keV/u）/q1/2 ≈, 150. Combining the Bohr-Lindhard model and the statistical model, a theoretical estimate is presented, in reasonable agreement with the experimental data when E（keV//u）/q^1/2 〉 35.     

效率提高了,还是降低了?

"数学医院"来了一位"急症患者". 问:哎呀,我的头好疼啊!这道题被老师判定为错之后,我"头痛欲裂",搞不清楚自己错在哪儿?我的"病根"在哪儿呢? "病情"诉说完毕,开始"诊断"! "医生"开始"诊断". 答:题目中说"实际提前了1天完成",大家可能会误认为是在7天的基础上提高的,于是选了错误选项C,甚至有的还选D,这...     

二次变换法估计骨小梁的间距

平均骨小梁间距作为松质骨微结构的重要表征参数,其值可作为诊断骨质疏松的重要参考信息。提出将二次变换法运用于骨小梁间距的估算,探究其运用于骨小梁间距估算的可行性。通过散射元仿真、时域有限差分法仿真和离体松质骨实验所得到松质骨背散射信号进行分析,同时以自回归倒谱法(AR倒谱法)、反向滤波-自回归倒谱法(反向滤波-AR倒谱法)、自适应滤波-自回归倒谱法(自适应滤波-AR倒谱法)和简易反向滤波跟踪(SIFT)算法作为对比方法进行分析,通过对比证明了其可行性和相比于其他方法的优越性。结果表明,不管是利用仿真实验还是牛胫骨的离体实验所得信号估算骨小梁间距,二次变换法比其他算法具有更强的测量稳定性和准确性。     

超声表观积分背散射系数评价新生儿骨状况的可行性研究

新生儿骨发育状况的超声评价有重要意义。本文研究用超声背散射信号来评价新生儿骨发育状况的可行性。提出将超声表观积分背散射系数(AIB)用于评价新生儿松质骨状况,研究了不同超声频率下AIB与婴儿体重、出生天数之间的关系。研究结果表明,足月儿的AIB明显大于早产儿的AIB;足月儿的体重和AIB相关性较弱;早产儿的AIB参数和出生天数具有较高的正相关性(R=0.633)。说明超声背散射信号及其参数AIB可用于评价新生儿松质骨发育状况。     

有监督学习的超声背散射方法在骨质评价中的应用

在超声背散射方法评价骨质的实际应用中,如何更为准确地判断测量对象是否为骨质疏松是一个重要问题。提出一种有监督学习的超声背散射评价方法,根据超声背散射离体实验的信号处理结果,对松质骨样本使用支撑向量机和自适应增强的有监督学习算法进行预测和分类。研究结果表明,有监督学习的超声背散射评价方法分类的准确率为80.00%~82.86%,并且对骨质疏松的样本具有较高的特异性(特异度>92.3%)。因此有监督学习的超声背散射评价方法具有有效性,评价效果优于现有的其它定量超声方法,对超声背散射方法的在体应用有一定帮助。     

时频域独立元分析方法实现超声兰姆波的多模式分离

为方便兰姆波信号分析与模式定征,提出一种将短时傅里叶变换(Short-Time Fourier Transform,STFT)与独立元分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)相结合的多模式超声兰姆波识别方法。首先通过STFT将兰姆波时域信号投影至时频域,基于各模式信号在时频域相对独立的特点,利用ICA实现混叠模式分离。根据分离模式时频能量脊提取各模式群速度曲线,进而估计板厚。将方法运用于时域有限差分(Finite-Difference Time-Domain,FDTD)法仿真与钢板实验,分离得到A0、A1和S0三种模式。仿真与实验中平均群速度估计误差约为1.5%和2.0%,板厚估计误差约为0.3%和2.0%。仿真结果表明,在信噪比(Signal-to-Noise Ratio,SNR)不小于0 dB的情况下,时频域独立元分析方法均可实现兰姆波多模式分离、群速度曲线提取及板厚估计。     

基于超快超声多普勒的三维脑损伤成像方法研究

三维超声微血管成像可直观呈现血流信息,对于脑血管疾病诊断和治疗具有重要意义。本文旨在将超快超声成像技术、超快超声功率多普勒技术和机械扫描相结合,实现脑血管三维成像和脑缺血区域评价。通过工程实现,完成了可同步控制微型线性位移平台移动和超声阵列超快发射、高速采集与压缩存储的三维扫描数据采集序列与系统。利用GPU并行运算,高效实现了超声图像波束合成方法,对原始射频超声数据完成重建。进而,基于SVD杂波滤除技术,从重建三维超声数据中提取了脑部的动态小血管信号,并获得了各切面的功率多普勒成像和冠状面彩色多普勒超声小血管成像。最后,采用体素方法对三维脑血管进行重建。大鼠在体实验结果表明,该成像系统可用于三维脑血管网络在体成像,以及脑血管损伤区域定位与量化评价。本工作对脑病检测技术发展与诊断方法研究具有一定的借鉴意义。此外,相关检测系统和成像算法具有一定普适性,对其他富含微血流血管的组织检测也有一定的参考价值。