水中气泡光散射动态特征及其与水粒光散射特征的对比研究

基于VirtualLab虚拟仿真软件建立了粒径在几十到几百微米内不同大小和形状的气泡模型。对其在平面光照射下的散射进行了仿真模拟,得到了气泡的前向、后向光散射特征分布,将结果与水粒的光散射特征进行比较分析,发现:同一气泡前向散射远大于后向散射,但两者拥有十分相近的变化趋势。光源和气泡大小影响气泡远场散射幅值的大小、振荡频率、角宽度及次极大与主极大的比值。气泡结构的对称性影响着气泡远场散射的对称性。气泡与水粒的远场散射特性既联系又区别。该研究的结果可以为气泡的分析检测提供了一定的理论依据。     

成年口吃者流畅朗读中塞音的声学分析

研究对成年口吃者在流畅朗读过程中的塞音进行了声学分析,测量了嗓音起始时间并且计算了塞音爆破时刻的频谱矩,并将口吃者在言语矫治前后与非口吃者进行了对比。多因素方差分析结果显示,口吃者嗓音起始时间虽稍长于非口吃者但未达到统计意义上的显著性差异水平,而且受发音部位和韵母的影响程度较大。同时还观察到矫治前口吃者和非口吃者在塞音爆破段的频谱均值呈现出显著性差异,口吃者频谱均值低于非口吃者可能是由于口吃者舌与齿龈或软硬腭形成阻塞的部位在声道中偏后所导致,还发现口吃者韵母对塞音爆破段频谱的影响较小,此结果表明口吃者表现出相对较弱的协同发音现象。口吃者经过言语矫治后塞音的嗓音起始时间和爆破段频谱有向非口吃者逼近的趋势。     

Three different low-temperature plasma-based methods for hydrophilicity improvement of polyethylene films at atmospheric pressure

Three different low-temperature plasma-based methods were used to improve the surface hydrophilicity of polyethy- lene （PE） films, and all the modification processes were carried out by employing an atmospheric pressure plasma jet （APPJ） system. （a） PE films were directly modified by APPJ using a gas mixture of He and 02. （b） Acrylic acid （AA） was introduced into the system and a polymer acrylic acid （PAA） coating was deposited onto the PE films. （c） AA was grafted onto the PE surface activated by plasma pre-treatment. It was found that the hydrophilicity of the PE films was significantly improved for all the three methods. However, the samples modified by Process （a） showed hydrophobicity recovery after a storage time of 20 days while no significant change was found in samples modified by Process （b） and Process （c）. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy （FTIR） results indicated that the most intensive C=O peak was detected on the PE surface modified by Process （c）. According to the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy （XPS） analysis, the ratios of oxygen-containing polar groups for samples modified by Process （b） and Process （c） were higher than that modified by Process （a）.     

Thermal modeling optimization and experimental validation for a single, concentrator solar cell system with a heat sink

A single concentrator solar cell model with a heat sink is established to simulate the thermal performance of the system by varying the number, height, and thickness of fins, the base thickness and thermal resistance of the thermal conductive adhesive. Influence disciplines of those parameters on temperatures of the solar cell and heat sink are obtained. With optimized number, height and thickness of fins, and the thickness values of base of 8, 1.4 cm, 1.5 mm, and 2 mm, the lowest temperatures of the solar cell and heat sink are 41.7℃ and 36.3℃ respectively. A concentrator solar cell prototype with a heat sink fabricated based on the simulation optimized structure is built. Outdoor temperatures of the prototype are tested. Temperatures of the solar cell and heat sink are stabilized with time continuing at about 37℃-38℃ and 35℃-36℃ respectively, slightly lower than the simulation results because of effects of the wind and cloud. Thus the simulation model enables to predict the thermal performance of the system, and the simulation results can be a reference for designing heat sinks in the field of single concentrator solar cells.     

目标表面发射率对红外辐射偏振特性的影响分析

偏振探测不仅可以获得目标的光谱、强度、偏振态以及空间几何形状等参数,还可以获得更丰富的目标信息,有利于改善对目标的探测和识别能力。红外辐射偏振成像是近年来发展起来的一种新的红外探测技术,主要通过目标与场景的红外辐射偏振特性差异进行目标探测与识别。但由于红外辐射偏振信息在传输过程中,其偏振态会受到传输介质的影响,而通常基于实验分析总结目标红外偏振特性的方法难以对偏振传输过程中的影响因素进行估计,也不能定量描述各相关参数对于红外偏振信息的影响。通过微面元理论的双向反射分布函数模型,建立了基于偏振双向反射分布函数的红外辐射偏振传输方程, 推导分析了目标表面发射率对红外辐射偏振度的影响,结果表明：目标表面发射率对目标红外偏振度影响可以忽略;在理论分析基础上,有针对性的开展红外光谱偏振探测试验,试验数据分析与理论推导结论吻合。这表明：材料表面发射率的变化不影响目标表面的红外辐射偏振度。该研究成果有利于提高红外伪装探测的目标识别效率,可为进一步提高红外偏振成像系统的伪装目标探测提供新的途径和方法,如在伪装目标探测识别中,通过探测其表面的红外辐射偏振特性的改变实现伪装目标识别探测。     

利用金属筛网拓展光栅衍射实验

为拓展大学物理实验中光栅衍射实验的内容,使其更贴近生活,实验现象形式多样,利用生产生活中常用的金属筛网作为二维光栅设计实验内容。通过筛网的衍射,可直观地观察到二维光栅的衍射现象,并分析了不同衍射图像产生的原因。通过两种不同的方案测量衍射角,从而计算出筛网的关键参数-网孔尺寸。     

二次谐波中大相位失谐下入射啁啾脉冲对相位的影响

讨论了在大相位失谐下,基波为频率啁啾脉冲的二次谐波产生过程,结果表明选取合适的啁啾参量可以使二次谐波的光强提高,但同时会使其波形和相位发生变化.三波相位的畸变主要取决于入射的基波啁啾脉冲,而与相位匹配的失谐量关系不大.     

气流混合对生长GaN：Si膜性能影响的研究

用金必有机化学气相沉积技术在三种不同型号的反应管中生长了GaN:Si膜。通过对样品的光电及结晶性能的分析，研究了气流混合时间不同对GaN:Si膜性质的影响。结果表明：合理的Ⅲ、Ⅴ族气流混合对提高GaN:Si膜的光电及结晶性能很重要。Ⅲ、Ⅴ族气流混合太早，气流混合时间长，GaN:Si膜的黄带与发射强度之比较大，X射线双晶衍射半高宽；Ⅲ、Ⅴ族气流混合太晚，尽管可减少预反应，但气流混合不均匀，致使GaN:Si膜的发光性能及结晶性能变差。使用Ⅲ、Ⅴ族气流混合适中的反应管B生长、获得了光电及结晶性能良好的CaN:Si单晶膜。     

Pairing Field and Moments of Inertia of Superdeformed Nuclei

We have systematically analysed the dynamic moments of inertia of the experimental superdeformed(SD)bands observed in the A=190,150 and 60-80 mass regions as functions of rotational frequency,By combining the different mass regions,the dramatic features of the dynamic moments of inertia were found and explained based on the calculations of the pairing fields of SD nuclei with the anisotropic harmonic oscillator quadrupole pairing Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov model.     

微型阵列式激光收发集成传感器技术研究

移动式激光通信在许多领域有着广泛的应用。提出了一种用于移动式激光通信的微型阵列式激光收发集成传感器 ,采用MOEMS(微光机电系统 )技术进行集成 ,系统结构可靠 ,体积小、重量轻。设计制作了实际的样机。实验研究表明 ,样机的工作性能达到了设计要求 ,通信的准确率 >99%。