厚壳贻贝贝壳的微结构及光谱分析

贝类的贝壳是一种由碳酸钙晶体和有机质组成的高度有序的天然纳米复合材料,历来是生物材料和组织工程研究的重点对象.利用扫描电子显微镜、傅里叶红外光谱分析以及X射线衍射分析等,对厚壳贻贝(Mytilus coruscus)贝壳的微观结构、碳酸钙晶体构型以及有机质结构特征进行分析.厚壳贻贝贝壳主要包含珍珠质层、肌棱柱层和斜棱柱层;不同层次的结构在外形、碳酸晶体构型、有机质分布等方面具有不同的特征.在后闭壳肌-贝壳连接部位,肌肉与贝壳碳酸钙晶体之间由一层有机质膜连接,且该膜质地明显有别于珍珠质层表面的膜.厚壳贻贝各层结构中的蛋白质均以β-折叠为优势构象,且肌棱柱层中蛋白质的β-折叠含量最高.上述研究为深入了解贝壳的生物矿化机制以及肌肉-贝壳界面的无机相-有机相连接机理奠定了基础.     

蔬菜农药残留检测的红外光谱法研究

对常用高残留农药敌百虫和敌敌畏在蔬菜汁溶剂中的中红外衰减全反射光谱 (ATR)数据进行了研究。在中红外两种农药特征吸收区域 ,蔬菜中的各种色素对农药的特征吸收基本没有干扰 ;农药在蔬菜汁溶液中与在标准试剂溶液中反映出基本相同的吸收特性。研究结果表明 ,应用红外光谱技术可以直接对蔬菜上的农药残留进行检测 ,通过农药在水中的吸收建立模型来模拟其在蔬菜体内的吸收 ,为实现对蔬菜上的农药残留进行快速检测提供了一条可能的途经     

四方、单斜和正交Ge3N4的结构、电子结构和热力学性质

数值计算了四方、单斜和正交结构Ge₃N₄的点阵常数、晶胞体积、弹性模量、维氏硬度和态密度.计算结果与已有的实验数据和理论值符合得很好.形成焓为负、晶格形变和晶胞体积随压强呈线性变化,表明三种相在0~20 GPa压强范围内可以保持结构稳定.态密度研究表明三种氮化锗内部存在强烈的s-p杂化.三种相都属于脆性半导体材料,具备各向异性且硬度适中.采用包含原子振动和非谐效应的准谐波近似方案,研究材料的热力学性质,发现压强对赫姆霍兹自由能和内能有显著影响.结果为进一步理解氮化锗三种新结构的电子结构和热力学性质提供初步的物理图像.     

Fabrication of crystalline selenium microwire

A method of fabricating selenium(Se) microwire is demonstrated.A multimaterial fiber with amorphous selenium(a-Se) core and multicomponent phosphate glass cladding is drawn by using a conventional optical fiber drawing technique.Then the a-Se core of the fiber is crystallized by a post thermal process at 150 ℃.After the multicomponent phosphate glass cladding is stripped from the multimaterial fiber by marinating the fiber in HF acid solution,a crystalline selenium(c-Se)microwire with high uniformity and smooth surface is obtained.Based on microstructure measurements,the c-Se microwire is identified to consist of most hexagonal state particles and very few trigonal state whiskers.The good photoconduction property of c-Se microwire with high quality and longer continuous length makes it possible to apply to functional devices and arrays.     

The electronic,optical,and thermodynamical properties of tetragonal,monoclinic,and orthorhombic M_3N_4(M=Si,Ge,Sn):A first-principles study

A detailed study of the M_3N_4(M = Si,Ge,Sn) nitrides in their tetragonal,monoclinic and orthorhombic phases has been performed with the plane-wave pseudo-potential method combined with the quasi-harmonic approximation,including the phononic effects.We rationalize the main puzzle,i.e.,the fundamental properties of these phases are unclear,by calculating the crystal structures,density of states,and optical properties.The direct band gaps of t-Ge_3N_4,m-Si_3N_4,and o-Ge_3N_4 benefit the opto-electrical properties,t-,m-,and o-Si_3N_4 can be used as refractive materials while m-M_3N_4(M = Si,Ge,Sn) are optically transparent in the visible light region.Our results improve the understanding of the detailed electronic structures of all compounds,as well as the influences of electronic structure on their stabilities.Furthermore,we find that thermodynamic quantities are sensitive to structures and,therefore,depend on various temperature and pressure conditions.     

Superconductivity in Sm-doped CaFe_2As_2 single crystals

In this article,the Sm-doping single crystals Ca_(1-x)Sm_xFe_2As_2(x = 0 ~0.2) were prepared by the Ca As flux method,and followed by a rapid quenching treatment after the high temperature growth.The samples were characterized by structural,resistive,and magnetic measurements.The successful Sm-substitution was revealed by the reduction of the lattice parameter c,due to the smaller ionic radius of Sm~(3+)than Ca~(2+).Superconductivity was observed in all samples with onset T_c varying from 27 K to 44 K upon Sm-doping.The coexistence of a collapsed phase transition and the superconducting transition was found for the lower Sm-doping samples.Zero resistivity and substantial superconducting volume fraction only happen in higher Sm-doping crystals with the nominal x 0.10.The doping dependences of the c-axis length and onset T_c were summarized.The high-T_c observed in these quenched crystals may be attributed to simultaneous tuning of electron carriers doping and strain effect caused by lattice reduction of Sm-substitution.     

药物中磺酸酯类基因毒性杂质研究进展

该文概述了近10年来有关药物中基因毒性杂质监管指南的完善历程与相关检测方法的研究进展。介绍了基因毒性杂质从早期的完全避免到目前的阶段化毒理学关注阈值（TTC）的风险控制理念以及各主流监管机构的具体要求。作为一类重要的基因毒性杂质,磺酸酯主要来源于磺酸及衍生物与低级醇（如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇等）之间发生的副反应,具有化学结构类型多样化的特点。该文较为详尽地介绍了磺酸酯的形成机理和文献所采用的液相色谱法和气相色谱法,并对色谱方法的选择、预处理方式、衍生化方法及相应痕量水平的灵敏度和回收率等进行了评述。由此期望为合理控制药物中磺酸酯类基因毒性杂质,为保证药物的质量安全性提供有益的指导意见。     

非模型依赖的导热系数稳态测量实验设计

基于不良热导体导热系数稳态测量法,提出了一种新型实验设计。该方法相比于传统方案,具有非模型依赖、实验结果无偏、物理过程直观、可同时给出散热速率等优势,更有利于大学物理实验教学。针对这种方法,对实验与理论的协调性、具体实验操作、实验结果不确定性等具体问题进行了分析,并使用模拟实验对上述分析结果进行验证。     

PPLN晶体差频中红外激光系统调谐特性研究

室温工作的连续可调谐相干光源在痕量气体检测技术中有着重要应用价值,光学非线性变换是获得室温运转中红外相干光源的有效途径,是对传统激光技术的有效补充.研究了基于准相位匹配原理的差频激光系统的温度和信号光波长调谐特性,从准相位匹配技术的一般位相匹配关系出发,推导了PPLN晶体差频准相位匹配的温度和信号光波长匹配带宽解析表达式;建立了基于PPLN晶体准相位匹配原理的宽调谐差频中红外激光系统,实现了3.2～3.7üm中红外相干光输出,最大输出功率约为1üW;对系统温度和信号光波长调谐特性进行实验研究,并与理论结果进行了比较和分析.