一种新型的N部件串联可修系统及其可靠性分析

本文研究一种Ⅳ部件串联可修系统的一个新模型，该模型在经典。部件串联可修系统中引入了修理工可多重延误休假的概念，并且考虑了修理工使用修理设备在修理失效部件过程中可能因修理设备失效而立即更换修理设备对整个系统可靠性造成的影响,假定修理工的延误休假时间、部件的寿命和修理设备的寿命均服从指数分布，部件的修理时间、修理设备的更换时间和修理工的休假时间均服从一般连续型分布，通过使用补充变量法和广义马尔可夫过程方法得到了系统和修理设备的一些重要可靠性指标．     

修理设备可更换且有修理延迟的N部件串联系统分析

假定部件的寿命服从指数分布,修理延迟时间和修理时间均服从任意分布,并且修理设备的寿命服从指数分布,其更换时间服从任意分布的情况下,利用马尔可夫更新过程理论和拉普拉斯变换工具,研究了修理有延迟且修理设备可更换的n部件串联可修系统,求得了系统的可用度和(0,t]时间内的平均故障次数.进一步,在定义修理设备“广义忙期”下,利用全概率分解,提出了一种新的分析技术,讨论了修理设备的可靠性指标,得到修理设备的一些重要可靠性结果.     

生产者对回收责任约束的参与意愿——强制性与自愿性的形成机理及驱动因素分析

绿色发展要求生产者承担回收、循环并再利用的延伸责任。政府通过合规计划约束生产者的行为,规制水平与获利驱动调控生产者的参与意愿而实现回收责任。本文以再制造作为废旧产品的价值恢复模式,导入了循环环节的环境成本,构建了基于经济效益和经济效益与环境效益相统一的生产者参与意愿决策模型,运用线性约束二次规划的K-T条件方法,确立了两种情境下的最优决策。研究结果给出了生产者强制性与自愿性的分型边界,分型边界受恢复价值和政府规制水平的联合驱动;评估了环境成本结构对强制性/自愿性的分型边界、效益的影响。     

关于Steiner比猜想

本文所讨论的是Ｓｔｅｉｎｅｒ比猜想。全文共分两部分：第一部分包括历史回顾和对ｎ＝３,４,５三种情况对该猜想的正确性给出了简单的证明;第二部分则对于一般的ｎ给出了一个证明。     

Investigation of External Optical Feedback Resistance of IC—DFB and GC—DFB Lasers Using a Very Simple Experimental set—up

We study the external optical feedback resistance of both index-coupled(IC) and gain-coupled distributed feed-back(DFB) lasers using a very simple experimental set-up.Though IC-DFB lasers with large coupling coefficients are found to be less sensitive to external reflection,they suffer from mode instability at high injection level.On the other hand ,the introduction of gain-coupling mechanism can significantly improve both the immunity of external optical feedback and the single mode yield of the device.     

国标GB 3102.7-93《声学的量和单位》修订简介

国家技术监督局、国家教育委员会、广播电影电视部、国家新闻出版署于1994年11月14日联合发出的《关于在全国开展“量和单位”系列国家标准宣传贯彻工作的通知》中指出，重新修订的GB3100～3102－93《国际单位制及其应用》等15项有关“量和单位”的强制性系列国家标准，是涉及自然科学各个领域、各行各业必须执行的基础标准，也是国家法定计量单位的具体应用形式．为切实贯彻这套标准要求，所有1995年7月1日以后出版的科技书刊、报纸、新闻稿件、教材、产品铭牌和说明书等，在使用量和单位的名称、符号、书写规则时都应符合新标准的规定．…     

Collision site effect on the radiation dynamics of cytosine induced by proton

By combing the time-dependent density functional calculations for electrons with molecular dynamics simulations for ions (TDDFT-MD) nonadiabatically in real time, we investigate the microscopic mechanism of collisions between cytosine and low-energy protons with incident energy ranging from 150 eV to 1000 eV. To explore the effects of the collision site and the proton incident energy on irradiation processes of cytosine, two collision sites are specially considered, which are N and O both acting as the proton receptors when forming hydrogen bonds with guanine. Not only the energy loss and the scattering angle of the projectile but also the electronic and ionic degrees of freedom of the target are identified. It is found that the energy loss of proton increases linearly with the increase of the incident energy in both situations, which are 14.2% and 21.1% of the incident energy respectively. However, the scattering angles show different behaviors in these two situations when the incident kinetic energy increases. When proton collides with O, the scattering angle of proton is larger and the energy lost is more, while proton captures less electrons from O. The calculated fragment mass distribution shows the high counts of the fragment mass of 1, implying the production of H⁺ fragment ion from cytosine even for proton with the incident energy lower than keV. Furthermore, the calculated results show that N on cytosine is easier to be combined with low-energy protons to form NH bonds than O.     

二维材料的变温拉曼光谱研究

拉曼散射是光与物质相互作用过程中发生的一种非弹性光散射现象.由于拉曼散射光通常带有散射物质结构的特征信息,拉曼光谱一直广泛应用于表征材料结构的研究.近年来,拉曼光谱已成为表征低维纳米材料不可或缺的实验内容,因此也对拉曼光谱技术本身的发展提出新的要求.面向表征层状纳米材料的前沿研究,北京大学基础物理实验教学中心在拉曼光谱检测仪器和技术方面进行了一系列的探索.本文主要介绍北京大学近两年在变温拉曼光谱仪研制及二维材料结构表征应用的一些阶段性工作成果.     

Hybrid device for acoustic noise reduction and energy harvesting based on a silicon micro-perforated panel structure

A kind of hybrid device for acoustic noise reduction and vibration energy harvesting based on the silicon micro- perforated panel （MPP） resonant structure is investigated in the article. The critical parts of the device include MPP and energy harvesting membranes. They are all fabricated by means of silicon micro-electro-mechanical systems （MEMS） tech- nology. The silicon MPP has dense and accurate micro-holes. This noise reduction structure has the advantages of wide band and higher absorption coefficients. The vibration energy harvesting part is formed by square piezoelectric membranes arranged in rows. ZnO material is used as it has a good compatibility with the fabrication process. The MPP, piezo- electric membranes, and metal bracket are assembled into a hybrid device with multifunctions. The device exhibits good performances of acoustic noise absorption and acoustic-electric conversion. Its maximum open circuit voltage achieves 69.41 mV.     

国际物理师范教育会议综述

国际物理师范教育会议于1992年9月14日至18日在德国多特蒙得(Dbrtmund)大学举行。来自五大州的约40名代表出席会议，代表中有半数来自发展中国家。会议主席为多特蒙得大学的D.K．纳克帝(Nachtigall)教授。