Resolving the discrepancy of 135 MeV pd elastic scattering cross sections and relativistic effects

Three precise measurements for elastic pd scattering at 135 MeV/A have been performed with the three different experimental setups. The cross sections are described well by the theoretical predictions based on modern nucleon-nucleon forces combined with three-nucleon forces. Relativistic Faddeev calculations show that relativistic effects are restricted to backward angles. This result supports the two measurements recently reported by RIKEN and contradicts the KVI data.     

Ensemble averages and nonextensivity at the edge of chaos of one-dimensional maps

Ensemble averages of the sensitivity to initial conditions xi(t) and the entropy production per unit of time of a new family of one-dimensional dissipative maps, x(t+1)=1-ae(-1/|x(t)|(z))(z>0), and of the known logisticlike maps, x(t+1)=1-a|x(t)|(z)(z>1), are numerically studied, both for strong (Lyapunov exponent lambda(1)>0) and weak (chaos threshold, i.e., lambda(1)=0) chaotic cases. In all cases we verify the following: (i) both [ln((q)x triple bond (x(1-q)-1)/(1-q); ln((1)x=ln(x] and [S(q) triple bond (1- sigma p(q)(i))/(q-1); S(1)=- sigma p(i)ln(p(i)] linearly increase with time for (and only for) a special value of q, q(av)(sen), and (ii) the slope of and that of coincide, thus interestingly extending the well known Pesin theorem. For strong chaos, q(av)(sen)=1, whereas at the edge of chaos q(av)(sen)(z)<1.     

Surface reconstruction and decahedral structure of bimetallic nanoparticles

We report on energetic surface reconstruction phenomena observed on bimetallic nanoparticle systems of AuPd and AuCu, similar to a resolidification effect observed during the cooling process in lead clusters. These binary alloy nanoparticles show the fivefold edges truncated, resulting in [100] facets on decahedral structures, an effect largely envisioned and reported theoretically, with no experimental evidence so far. We demonstrate experimentally as well as by computational simulations that this new eutectic structure is favored in such nanoalloy systems.     

Stabilized two-dimensional vector solitons

In this Letter, we introduce the concept of stabilized vector solitons as nonlinear waves constructed by the addition of mutually incoherent fractions of Townes solitons that are stabilized under the effect of a periodic modulation of the nonlinearity. We analyze the stability of these new kinds of structures and describe their behavior and formation in Manakov-like interactions. Potential applications of our results in Bose-Einstein condensation and nonlinear optics are also discussed.     

A simple approach to sensor discovery and fabrication on self-assembled monolayers on glass

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on glass were used as a platform to sequentially deposit fluorophores and small molecules for ion sensing. The preorganization provided by the surface avoids the need for complex receptor design, allowing for a combinatorial approach to sensing systems based on small molecules. The resulting libraries are easily measured and show varied responses to a series of both cations and anions. This technology is transferable from the macro- to the microscale both via microcontact printing (microCP), where the fluorophore is printed onto a glass surface, and via direct attachment of the fluorophore to microchannel walls. The ease of miniaturization of this technology may make the generation of a wide variety of simple yet efficient microarrays possible.     

The measurement temperature: an important factor relating physicochemical and adhesive properties of yeast cells to biomaterials

Flow chambers applied to the study of the initial adhesion process of Candida parapsilosis are rarely found in the literature. The ability of these microorganisms to proliferate and form biofilms in environments at temperatures around 22 or 37 degrees C is reflected in the contamination of laboratory instruments and material or in human implant infections, respectively. The initial interaction between yeasts and substrata is mediated by physicochemical forces, which in turn originate from the physicochemical surface properties of both interacting phases. In this context, this work aims to relate the initial rates of adhesion rates to glass and silicone of Candida parapsilosis, strains 294 and 289, grown at 22 and 37 degrees C with the theoretical predictions of the adhesion process, expressed by the interaction free energies and calculated through the physicochemical parameters, which are also measured at 22 and 37 degrees C. The results indicate that physicochemical parameters of yeasts are changed not only by the culture temperature but also by the measurement temperature; only when the measurement temperature is equal to the growth temperature a coherent relation between in vitro adhesion data and interaction free energies can be established. In this sense, the adhesion to glass is mediated by long-range forces or, what amounts to the same thing, by Lifshitz-van der Waals interaction free energy. On the other hand, the adhesion to silicone rubber seems to be moderated by acid-base interaction free energy, which involves the presence of short-range forces. Based on these results, it can be assumed that the substratum surface properties are directly related to the kind of force acting on the initial microbial adhesion process, while cell surface properties dictate the changes in the strength of the force between different samples.