液相色谱-串联质谱法测定海参和海胆中的单唾液酸神经节苷脂

建立了液相色谱-四极杆串联质谱法定量检测海参和海胆中单唾液酸神经节苷脂的分析方法。采用Svennerholm法从海胆或海参样品中提取神经节苷脂,经C8固相萃取柱净化,采用APS-2 NH₂柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 3 μm),以乙腈和50 mmol/L乙酸铵溶液(pH 5.6)为流动相,梯度洗脱。样品中每种成分的定量在多反应监测模式下进行。该方法具有极高的灵敏度,定量限可低至纳克级。非硫酸酯化单唾液酸神经节苷脂(NMG)和硫酸酯化单唾液酸神经节苷脂(SMG)在1～40 ng进样量范围内呈现良好的线性关系;定量结果显示所测海参样品中美国红参的NMG含量最高,海胆样品中紫海胆的SMG含量最高;海胆中总的单唾液酸神经节苷脂含量(4.30～6.40 mg/g)明显高于各海参样品(8～131 μg/g)。该方法稳定可靠,适合海胆和海参中微量单唾液酸神经节苷脂的定量分析。     

改性Y型分子筛对FCC汽油脱硫性能的研究

采用液相离子交换法制备了Cu(I)Y、NiY、CeY分子筛,利用XRD、ICP/MS、N₂吸附脱附等技术对其物化性质进行了表征,使用固定床技术和色谱-硫化学发光检测(SCD)偶联技术系统考查了改性Y分子筛对FCC汽油的选择性吸附脱硫性能,着重探讨了FCC汽油选择性吸附脱硫过程中硫化物的脱除规律。结果表明,不同金属阳离子改性的Y分子筛对FCC汽油中不同硫化物选择性有所不同,对CeY分子筛:2-甲基-5-乙基噻吩<噻吩3硫醇< C₂噻吩<2或3-甲基噻吩<苯并噻吩<3,4-二甲基噻吩≈2,3,4-三甲基噻吩<四氢噻吩,而NiY与Cu(I)Y选择性相同:C₃硫醇<2-甲基-5-乙基噻吩2噻吩<2或3-甲基噻吩<噻吩<苯并噻吩<3,4-二甲基噻吩≈2,3,4-三甲基噻吩<四氢噻吩,改性Y分子筛对噻吩及小分子烷基取代噻吩类硫化物的选择性较差。     

SDS/n－C5H11OH/n－C7H16/H2O体系中W/O－BI微乳液界面电性质

In the system of SDS/n-C5H11OH/n-C7H16/H2O with the weight ratio of SDS/n-C5H11OH/H2O system at5.0/47.5/47.5, the upper phase of the system was W/O microemulsion, and the lower phase was the bicontinuous microemulsion. When the n-heptane content was less than 1%, with the increase of the n-heptane content, the capacitance (Co, Cod) in the upper phase (W/O) dropped, the capacitance (CB1, CBld) in the lower phase (BI) raised. At the same time, the W/O-BI inteffacial potential (ΔE), capacitance (Ci), and charge-transfer current (ict) decreased.After the n-heptane content reached 1%, with the increase of the n-heptane content, ΔE, Ci and ict demonstrated no significant change.     

具类辣素结构丙烯酰胺的合成及其抑菌和防污性能

以N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺和苯酚类化合物为原料,合成了N-(2-羟基-3-丙烯酰胺甲基-4,6-二甲基苄基)丙烯酰胺(HMABA)、N-(2-羟基-3-丙烯酰胺甲基-4,5-二甲基苄基)丙烯酰胺(AMHBA)、N-(3,5-二甲基-4-羟基苄基)丙烯酰胺(MHBA)、N-(3,6-二甲基-4-丙烯酰胺甲基-2-羟基苄基)丙烯酰胺(MAHBA)和N-(2甲氧基-4-甲基-5-丙烯酰胺甲基苄基)丙烯酰胺(MMABA)5个类辣素结构的丙烯酰胺衍生物。 通过红外光谱（IR）、核磁波谱（1H NMR）、质谱（HR-MS）和元素分析对化合物的结构进行了表征。 抑菌试验表明,HMABA对金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的抑制效果最好,最低抑菌浓度均可达0.125 g/L。 将此5个化合物作为防污剂制备海洋防污涂料,120 d的实海结果表明,基本无污损海生物附着。     

复合金属氧化物催化剂用于甘油氧化制丙烯酸的研究进展

随着化石燃料的短缺及其利用所产生的环境问题,可再生生物质资源逐渐成为生产燃料以及化学品的重要来源。近年来,甘油作为生物柴油生产的主要副产物受到了人们的广泛关注,利用其生产高附加值产品以及开发相关的转化技术也成为了国内外学者研究的热点。在诸多转化技术中,甘油选择性氧化制丙烯酸展现出了广阔的发展前景,对该反应尤其是催化剂开展研究具有重要的经济意义和社会意义。文中综述了用于甘油选择性氧化制丙烯酸复合金属氧化物催化剂的研究现状,介绍了当前用于该反应的催化体系类型以及对甘油氧化制丙烯酸催化反应机理的认识,分析并提出了存在的问题以及对未来的展望。     

利用循环伏安法模拟技术理解电极过程可逆性**

循环伏安法测定电极过程可逆性实验在仪器分析实验中有着重要的意义。现行的实验设计中一般将铁氰化钾作为氧化还原反应研究的对象。由于铁氰化钾/亚铁氰化钾的氧化还原过程在电化学上可逆,学生通过实验很难理解电化学不可逆的过程,不易区分可逆和不可逆过程。本文利用循环伏安模拟的方法,通过改变电子转移速率常数(k0),得到不同的循环伏安谱图,结合课本上对于可逆性的判据(Epa-Epc=0.056 V/n,ipaipc≈-1)来解释不同的电子转移速率对于电极过程可逆性的影响。     

应用化学"113"人才培养体系的探索

In order to bridge the gap between the supply and the demand of talent cultivation, the existing talent cultivation system of applied chemistry specialty is reformed and a new "113" talent cultivation system is guided by Outcome-Based Education (OBE) education. The advanced engineering education mode is adopted to provide students with an engineering education based on the background environment of the conceptual-design-implementation-operation (CDIO) process. The characteristic "three modernizations" education mechanism, namely, cooperative education, family training and personalized guidance, are implemented. By building a new system of "113" talents training, an engineering talent training environment is formed, which takes the family as a unit, the enterprise as the background, and the project as the carrier. The problem of separating the supply from the demand of talents training for applied chemistry specialty will be fundamentally solved.     

亚甲蓝在分子有序组合体中的聚集行为

研究了生物染色剂亚甲蓝(MB)在分子有序组合体(胶束、O/W微乳液和层状液晶)介质中的聚集行为。根据MB特征峰处的吸收光谱值,计算了MB的二聚平衡常数和相应单体、二聚体的摩尔消光系数。并用稳态荧光法和无外加探针的循环伏安法进一步论证了计算结果。研究发现,当MB总浓度一定时,在胶束体系中MB单体量较少,在层状液晶体系中单体量较多,在O/W微乳液体系中则介于胶束和层状液晶之间。表明层状液晶体系是获取更多MB单体的理想介质。     

醇对非离子型表面活性剂浊点的影响

研究了醇对非离子型表面活性剂浊点的影响，发现直链醇的碳原子数小于４时随着其在表面活性剂中含量的增加浊点上升；当碳原子数大于４时，则随着醇含量的增加浊点下降。醇的构型对浊点起着重要作用。     

Influences of Triton X-100 on Hemoglobin Behaviors in Hemoglobin/Acyclovir/Triton X-100/H2O System

The influences of Triton X-100 on hemoglobin （Hb） behaviors were studied by the methods of UV-Vis spectrum, fluorescence spectrum, HPLC, conductivity, zeta potential and negative-staining transmission electron microscope in Hb/acyclovir/Triton X-100/H2O system. With the increase of Triton X-100 concentration in the system, the percentage of the free acyclovir increased from 58%--63% to 90%--94%. The static quenching constant and the association number of acyclovir to Hb decreased. The fluorescence spectrum, conductivity, zeta potential, fluorescence polarization and negative-staining morphology of Hb tended to recover to those of the original state of Hb in the same concentration of Hb. The interaction between Triton X-100 and Hb is stronger than that between acyclovir and Hb. Most Triton-X-100 was associated with Hb at low Triton X-100 concentration. But the interaction of Triton X-100 with Hb was apparently dominant in high Triton X-100 concentration. The Hb structure was unfolded and finally denatured.