取向碳纳米管/高分子新型复合材料的制备及应用

碳纳米管/高分子复合材料已经被广泛研究, 但长期以来存在一个共同而关键的挑战, 即碳纳米管无规聚集, 结构难以调控, 性能无法满足应用需要. 本工作提出了制备取向碳纳米管/高分子复合材料的一种新方法, 获得块状、膜状、纤维状复合材料, 制备的关键步骤是通过化学气相沉积法合成可纺的高质量碳纳米管阵列. 该方法简单易行, 具有较好的普适性. 由于碳纳米管取向排列, 复合材料具有优异的物理性能, 如碳纳米管取向后复合材料的机械强度和导电率可分别提高一个和三个数量级. 在此基础上, 进一步探讨取向碳纳米管/高分子复合材料作为新型电极在有机太阳能电池中的应用.     

IR和ESR法考察PtNaY,PdNaY和CoNaY沸石催化剂

研究了Pt(NH_3)_4NaY,Pd(NH_3)_4NaY及Co(NH_3)_6NaY沸石在不同热处理条件下红外谱图变化的规律。发现该沸石晶穴中这些络离子在250℃下抽空1小时,其结构均破坏;若再在400～500℃区间加热1小时,其表面均有Si—H键生成,并讨论了Si—H键生成的机理。用D_2交换法证明了这些络离子破坏后,在PtNaY,PdNaY及CoNaY沸石表面分别有Pt-H,Pd—H及Co—H键存在,它们是由于NH_3在这些沸石表面高温分解所放出的H吸附在这些金属离子上的结果。由IR与ESR法证明室温下于NaY沸石晶穴中可合成出[Co(NH_3)_5O_2]~(2+)与[Co(NH_2CH_2CH_2NH_2)_2O_2]~(2+)离子;在适当的条件下,于Y型沸石表面可合成出一种特殊的Co络合物载氧体,ESR证明它易将2,6-二特丁基对甲酚氧化成自由基。     

乙胺分子的多光子电离过程质谱研究

报道了乙胺分子在４４０～４７５ｎｍ波长范围内多光子电离（ＭＰＩ）质谱（ＭＳ）研究结果。碎片离子主要由母体离子碎裂模式产生。母体离子ＣＨ３ＣＨ２Ｎ＋·Ｈ２由经３ｓ里德堡态的（２＋２）共振多光子电离产生后，大部分发生β键断裂，形成ＣＨ２＝Ｎ＋Ｈ２离子，还有一部分再吸收一个光子，通过Ｃ－Ｈ（ＣＨ２）键的断裂产生了ＣＨ３ＣＨ＝Ｎ＋Ｈ２离子。ＣＨ３ＣＨ＝Ｎ＋Ｈ２和ＣＨ２＝Ｎ＋Ｈ２离子最容易发生的碎裂过程是脱去氢分子，分别产生Ｃ２Ｈ４Ｎ＋（分子式）离子和ＣＨ≡Ｎ＋Ｈ离子。     

p-超循环嵌入子群的一个判别准则

令E是有限群G的一个正规子群,且U是所有有限超可解群的集合.E称为在G中是p-超循环嵌入的,如果E的每个pd-阶的G-主因子是循环的.G的子群H称为在G中是U-Φ-可补充的,如果存在G的一个次正规子群T,使得G=HT,且(H∩T)H_G/H_G≤Φ/(H/H_G)Z_U(G/H_G),其中Z_U(G/H_G)是商群G/H_G的U-超中心.作者证明,如果E的一些p-子群在G中是U-Φ-可补充的,那么E在G中是p-超循环嵌入的.作为应用,得到了有限群是p-超可解的若干判断准则,并且推广了一些已知的结果.     

Wollaston式平行分束偏光棱镜的光学特性分析EI北大核心CSCD

根据折射定律结合棱镜的结构特点,推导出了Wollaston式平行分束偏光棱镜所对应的切割角应满足的关系．利用菲涅尔公式和薄膜的光强透射理论,推导出棱镜的光强透射比、光强分束比和两出射光束的平行度表达式．通过Matlab数值模拟,研究并实验测量了棱镜的光强透射比、光强分柬比和出射光平行度随入射角或入射波长的变化关系．结果表明：出射光束的平行度与实验结果符合得非常好,光强透射比规律与理论结果一致．Wollaston式平行分束偏光棱镜的光强透射比和光强分柬比随入射角有微小的起伏变化,当入射光束的入射角在-3°～3°的范围内入射或波长在（400～1100）nm范围内变化时,两光束之间的夹角不超过0．42°,平行度稳定性较好．     

Isospin Effect of Coulomb Interaction on Momentum Dissipation in Intermediate Energy Heavy Ion Collisions

We investigate the isospin effect of Coulomb interaction on the momentum dissipation or nuclear stopping in the intermediate energy heavy ion collisions by using the isospin-dependent quantum molecular dynamics model. The calculated results show that the Coulomb interaction induces obviously the reductions of the momentum dissipation. We also find that the variation amplitude of momentum dissipation induced by the Coulomb interaction depends sensitively on the form and strength of symmetry potential. However, the isospin effect of Coulomb interaction on the momentum dissipation is less than that induced by the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section.In this case, Coulomb interaction does not change obviously the isospin effect of momentum dissipation induced by the in-medium two-body collision. In particular, the Coulomb interaction is preferable for standing up the isospin effect of in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section on the momentum dissipation and reducing the isospin effect of symmetry potential on it, which is important for obtaining the feature about the sensitive dependence of momentum dissipation on the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross section and weakly on the symmetry potential.     

通讯作者：于冀芳,石家庄市鹿泉区上庄大街河北省质检中心,050000, 18032188277,

采用微波消解技术对工业锅炉用水进行前处理,建立了微波消解-电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法(ICP-AES)测定工业锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜含量的分析方法。分别对样品的微波消解温度和保持时间进行讨论,优化了微波消解前处理技术。结果表明：给水在消解温度为170 ℃,保持时间为10 min条件下,回水在消解温度为180 ℃,保持时间为12 min条件下,锅炉水在消解温度为185 ℃,保持时间为15 min条件下,微波消解最理想。应用本方法对锅炉用水中钙、镁、铁、铜进行测定,线性范围均为0～2.0 mg/L,检出限分别为0.002 mg/L、0.002 mg/L、0.003 mg/L、0.004 mg/L,回收率为95%～103%,相对标准偏差RSD(n=7)均小于9.32%,与原子吸收法(AAS)进行比较,测定结果基本一致。     

流动注射分析仪在烟草分析中的应用

以ＳＫＡＬＡＲ ＳＡ２０００／４０００流动注射分析仪为研究对象,尝试运用该仪器检测烟草中的几种化学成分,考察了检测了结果的准确性和重现性,摸索出该分析仪适合实际工作要求的操作条件,验证了它应用于烟草检测方面的可行性。     

我国一些天然沸石矿样的物化性能

本文用XRD、IR、DTA及ESR等方法研究了我国7种天然沸石矿样的结构、品位、酸性及其杂质组份与色泽的关系。这些矿样大都是丝光沸石与斜发沸石相伴而生。但其相对含量不一。此外,还有一种纯度很高的高岭土矿。它在常温下具有化学吸附空气中氧分子的能力。     

Oxygen evolution loss and structural transitions in photosystem II induced by low intensity UV-B radiation of 280 nm wavelength

UV-B radiation of 280 nm wavelength (UV280) and low intensity (2.0 W/m2) gives rise to an important oxygen evolution (OE) loss in photosystem II (PSII) particles isolated from the thylakoid membrane of plant chloroplasts on the one hand, and to structural changes, or transitions, in the proteins of the PSII complex on the other hand. The latter UV280 effect was studied in this work by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. First, irradiation of the PSII particles with UV280 for about 40 min causes an almost complete loss of OE activity. The remaining OE after 15, 20, 30 and 40 min is respectively 52, 44, 27 and 12% of the OE activity in control PSH particles kept in darkness. Secondly, difference FT-IR spectra of PSII particles irradiated for 30 min, i.e., [PSII irradiated with UV280]-minus-[PSII non-irradiated], show that the UV280 light is at the origin of significant IR absorbance changes in several spectral regions: (i) amide I (1696-1620 cm(-1)) and amide II (1580-1520 cm(-1)), (ii) tyrosine side chain (1620-1580 cm(-1) and 1520-1500 cm(-1), i.e., the v8a, v8b and v19a vibrational modes, respectively), and (iii) chlorophylls (1750-1696 cm(-1)). Thirdly, comparison of the UV-B effect reported here with structural changes induced by heat-stress in PSII proteins [M. Joshi, M. Fragata, Z. Naturforsch. 54c (1999) 35-43] clearly indicates that the stability of the functional centers in the PSII complex is dependent on a dynamic equilibrium between a-helix conformers and extended chain (beta-strand) structures. In this framework, transient 'alpha-helix-to-beta-strand transitions' are susceptible of giving rise in vivo to recurrent changes in the activity of the PSII complex, and as such act as a control mechanism of the photosynthetic function in the thylakoid membrane.