vt=v0＋at规律的实验研究

匀变速直线运动的速度规律vt=v0+at是高中物理必修课本第一册第二章第七节的内容,是本章的重点之一.但教材仅提供文字性材料,没有安排演示实验,在实际教学中往往是由加速度a的定义公式来导出速度规律,偏重公式的应用与掌握,忽视物理思想和物理方法的教育.至今,在专业刊物上也没有文章介绍过有关研究匀加速直线运动速度规律的演示实验,为此我们考虑在学生已经学过<练习使用打点计时器>的情况下,用打点计时器通过纸带记录小车运动并对所打的点进行研究得出速度公式vt=v0+at,进而得到速度图象.这样使学生更具真实感,表象更清晰,同时渗透了创新教育和重要的物理思想和物理方法的教育.下面介绍我们设计的演示实验,供同行参考.     

一种显示器投影成象系统的彩色图象几何畸变校正方法

显示器投影成象系统是解决数字图象输出的一种设备,它可将显示器荧屏上的图象(可来自数码相机、光盘、计算机等)扩印在普通彩色相纸上.由于光学镜头会产生几何畸变,加之显示器表面有一定弧度,因此成象在相纸上的图象存在着非线性的畸变.本文主要介绍了如何用数字图象处理的方法对显示器投影成象系统的图象进行几何畸变校正,并对其软件实现进行了简单的讨论.     

高温退火优化h-BN/Ag/Ag2O异质结构型及表面增强拉曼散射性能研究

由等离激元金属和半导体结合形成的金属/半导体异质结构型有利于光诱导电荷转移(PICT)效率的提高,在表面增强拉曼散射(SERS)研究中具有明显优势.本文通过对所制备的杂化底物进行热退火处理进一步提高了其SERS活性.首先,在二维六方氮化硼(h-BN)纳米片表面成功负载生长了高密度和单分散的Ag/Ag₂O纳米颗粒.在此基础上,通过进一步高温退火处理所得复合体系,构建出高效的电荷转移通道,从而大幅度提高了PICT效率,使化学增强得到显著提高.实验结果表明,相比于退火前,经320℃高温退火处理所得到的h-BN/Ag/Ag₂O复合材料作为基底,可以使结晶紫分子的SERS信号强度显著增强18倍,增强因子高达1.63145×10⁷.最后,基于h-BN/Ag/Ag₂O 320℃退火复合材料优异的SERS性能,实现了对食品添加剂专利蓝V的超灵敏SERS检测,其检测极限低至10^–12 M.本文构建的h-BN/Ag/Ag₂O 320℃退火复合材料兼具物理增强和化学增强,在食品...     

格点定模SU(2)-Higgs模型的解析计算

对格点上基础表示的定模Higgs场与SU(2)规范场耦合系统的相图进行解析计算至累积展开的第四级,用扫瞄确定变分参数的方法,得到与Monte Carlo模拟很好符合的相图.计算了N_τ=1的有限温度情形下SU(2)-Higgs系统和纯SU(2)模型的Polyakov线,对后者得到迄今最佳的近似解析结果β_c.     

建立物理实验的层次教学体系

建立物理实验的层次教学体系谷晋骐，宋克威，郑永星，任隆良（天津大学物理系３０００７２）１９８９年，实验物理获得我校首批优秀课程的光荣称号．这是对我们的鼓励和鞭策．如何才能百尺竿头更进一步呢？带着这个问题，我们对学生进行了各种形式的调研发现，学生对物理...     

氟化物、氟磷酸盐和磷酸盐玻璃中Er3+离子的发光研究

测定了氟化物、氟磷酸盐和磷酸盐玻璃中Er³⁺离子的吸收、荧光和激发光谱,解释了基质玻璃对Er³⁺离子发光的影响。进一步研究了在这三种基质玻璃中Er³⁺离子发光的浓度效应和温度效应,讨论了Er³⁺离子内和离子间的能量转移过程。 关键词：     

混合评价核数据库HENDL1.0/MG/MC研制

根据世界几个主要核评价数据库,如ENDF/B 6(美国)、JEF 2.2(欧盟)、JENDL 3.2(日本)、BROND 2.2(俄罗斯)、CENDL 2.1(中国)和FENDL 2(IAEA/NDS),兼顾聚变、裂变以及聚变 裂变次临界混合堆设计研究的多种需要,经过甄别、筛选,最后集成为包含213个核素的基本评价文件,名为HENDL1.0/E的核评价数据库.在此基础上,利用目前流行的群常数加工程序系统NJOY和输运截面制备程序TRANSX制作两套用于中子或/和光子输运计算的输运截面工作库:①参考Vitamin J能群结构制作了175群中子和42群光子、中子 光子耦合多群工作数据库HENDL1.0/MG,可用于离散纵标Sn法程序计算;②连续能群结构、紧凑ENDF(ACE)格式中子截面库HENDL1.0/MC,可用于蒙特卡罗方法输运计算,如MCNP.另外还制作了可用于燃耗(嬗变)计算的燃耗库BURNUP.LIB和响应函数库RESPONSE.LIB两个专用数据库.同时,也对HENDL1.0综合评价核数据库的有效性进行了抽样测试、基准检验和初步确认. A Hybrid Evaluated Nuclear Data Library(HENDL) named as HENDL1.0 has been developed by Fusion Design Study (FDS) team of Institute of Plasma Physics, Academia Sinica (ASIPP) to take into account the requirements in design and research relevant to fusion, fission and fusion-fission sub-critical hybrid reactor. HENDL1.0 contains one basic evaluated sub-library naming HENDL1.0/E and two processed working sub-libraries naming HENDL1.0/MG and HENDL1.0/MC, respectively. Through carefully comparing...     

Charge coupled devices （CCD） photometry and long-term optical variability of gamma-ray-loud BL Lacertae object Mkn 421

Evidence for the long-term optical curve variability and colour behaviour of the BL Lac object Mkn 421 is presented. Our results show that the amplitude of the optical variations of Mkn 421 is only about {\Delta} B=4.7 magnitude in the B-band for its photometric history from 1899 to 2002. The results of optical photometric monitoring of the Mkn 421 from April 2000 to Jan 2002 are provided. During our observation, Mkn 421 shows significant rapid variations and exhibits short time variability of 2.42 hours in the B band. A strong correlation between the B-V colour index and the magnitude in the B band is found. Our charge coupled device (CCD) photometry of Mkn 421 shows that the measured results are in good agreement with the predicted optical variability period of about 23 years.     

Enhanced thermoelectric properties of p-type polycrystalline SnSe by regulating the anisotropic crystal growth and Sn vacancy

Thermoelectric selenides have attracted more and more attentions recently.Herein,p-type Sn Se polycrystalline bulk materials with good thermoelectric properties are presented.By using the SnSe_2 nanostructures synthesized via a wetchemistry route as the precursor,polycrystalline Sn Se bulk materials were successfully obtained by a combined heattreating process under reducing atmosphere and following spark plasma sintering procedure.As a reference,the Sn Se nanostructures synthesized via a wet-chemistry route were also fabricated into polycrystalline bulk materials through the same process.The thermoelectric properties of the Sn Se polycrystalline transformed from SnSe_2 nanostructures indicate that the increasing of heattreating temperature could effectively decrease the electrical resistivity,whereas the decrease in Seebeck coefficient is nearly invisible.As a result,the maximum power factor is enhanced from 5.06×10~(-4)W/m·K~2to 8.08×10~(-4)W/m·K~2at 612~?C.On the other hand,the reference sample,which was obtained by using Sn Se nanostructures as the precursor,displays very poor power factor of only 1.30×10~(-4)W/m·K~2at 537~?C.The x-ray diffraction(XRD),scanning electron microscope(SEM),x-ray fluorescence(XRF),and Hall effect characterizations suggest that the anisotropic crystal growth and existing Sn vacancy might be responsible for the enhanced electrical transport in the polycrystalline Sn Se prepared by using SnSe_2 precursor.On the other hand,the impact of heat-treating temperature on thermal conductivity is not obvious.Owing to the boosting of power factor,a high z T value of 1.07 at 612~?C is achieved.This study provides a new method to synthesize polycrystalline Sn Se and pave a way to improve the thermoelectric properties of polycrystalline bulk materials with similar layered structure.     

一维微分方程的多项式特解方法（英文）

本文对一维常微分算子及发展微分算子提出一种基于解析多项式特解(MPPS)的求解方法,通过使用这些特解公式,将微分方程的解显式表达为多项式特解的线性组合来求解复杂的微分方程,如可以使用这些公式来求解右端具有不连续驱动项的微分系统.文中给出一系列数值例子,数值模拟结果精度很高,而且误差非常稳定.