CuCo/BNNSs纳米催化剂对固态储氢材料氨硼烷水解的催化性能

采用共还原法将CuCo双金属负载到通过聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)辅助离子插层法制备的少层氮化硼纳米片(BNNSs)上,获得了平均粒径为2.7 nm且高度分散的铜钴/氮化硼纳米片(CuCo/BNNSs)纳米催化剂。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶转换红外光谱(FTIR)、拉曼光谱(Raman)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和高分辨率透射电镜(HRTEM)对载体及催化剂的结构及形貌进行表征,并研究了CuCo/BNNSs的催化性能。研究发现,由于Cu、Co、BNNSs和OH-之间高效的四重效应协同使得Cu0.5Co0.5/BNNSs纳米催化剂在室温、pH=14条件下对氨硼烷(AB,NH3BH3)水解释氢具有极高的催化活性。转化频率(TOF)值达到104.52 molH2·molmetal^-1·min^-1,且CuCo/BNNSs纳米催化剂具有良好的稳定性,6次循环利用后仍保持较高催化活性。     

3-巯基丙酸修饰的CdTe量子点共振瑞利散射光谱法测定溶菌酶

以3-巯基丙酸为稳定剂,在水相中合成了3-巯基丙酸修饰的CdTe量子点(MPA-CdTe)。基于溶菌酶对该量子点的共振瑞利散射有增强作用,建立了一种快速检测溶菌酶的方法。在pH 6.1的B-R缓冲溶液中,量子点在波长312nm处的共振瑞利散射的增强与溶菌酶浓度呈线性关系,线性范围为0.07～10.0mg.L-1,检出限(3s/k)为0.02mg.L-1。方法应用于合成样品中溶菌酶的测定,并用标准加入法测得方法的回收率在93.5%～106.0%之间。     

熔石英光学元件的损伤前驱及其抑制技术北大核心CSCD

基于抛光所引起的熔石英元件表面、亚表面所存在的损伤前驱体分布,研究了不同种类的损伤前驱体所引起的损伤形貌。然后根据不同种类的损伤前驱体分别采用表面活性剂、强氧化性酸、氢氟酸的水溶液对不同的损伤前驱体进行处理。研究结果显示:经过前期预先清洗以后,吸收性杂质所导致的雾状损伤得以消除,亚表面分布的裂纹得以很好地平滑钝化,极大地提升了熔石英光学元件的抗损伤性能,损伤阈值从4.8J/cm2提高到11.0J/cm2,最大提升幅度达到原来的2.3倍。     

紫外脉冲激光退火发次对KDP晶体抗损伤性能的影响

在R-on-1的辐照模式下, 利用355 nm的紫外脉冲激光以低于KH₂PO₄ (KDP)晶体零概率损伤阈值的通量对其进行不同发次的全域扫描, 目的是为了研究KDP晶体在接受不同发次的紫外激光辐照后其抗损伤能力的变化规律及机制. 辐照后的1-on-1损伤测试表明, 适当的紫外激光退火可以有效地提升KDP晶体的抗损伤能力, 提升的幅度与其接受激光扫描的次数有关. 通过荧光和紫外吸收检测深入探讨了晶体内缺陷对激光退火的影响, 结果表明: 紫外脉冲激光辐照后KDP 晶体内的氧空位电子缺陷的存在与否是导致其抗损伤能力变化的主要原因; 通过拉曼和红外光谱的测量表明, 辐照后KDP 晶体内的PO₄, P–OH和P＝O基团的极化变形也导致了其抗损伤能力的改变. 关键词： 激光退火 荧光 拉曼 红外     

非球面鱼眼镜头设计及畸变校正算法研究

提出了一种非球面鱼眼镜头的设计方法,根据全景摄像系统镜头使用要求,设计得到一款仅由三片非球面塑胶镜片和一片球面玻璃镜片组成的超广角鱼眼镜头。镜头最大成像光圈直径为15.3 mm,后工作距离为2.158mm,系统总长为11.44mm,焦距为0.97mm,视场角为210°,在60lp/mm处调制传递函数(MTF)曲线达到0.35。还构建出一种高效简单的鱼眼镜头畸变校正算法,根据镜头设计中得到的畸变曲线,应用畸变模型运用实际像点计算出理想像点位置,将鱼眼镜头拍摄的畸变图像校正为适合于人眼观看的无畸变图像。通过车载全景显示应用中实际拍摄图像及校正图像的对比,验证出该算法精准可行。     

Production of exotic neutron-deficient isotopes near N,Z=50 in multinucleon transfer reactions

The multinucleon transfer reaction in the collisions of ~(40) Ca+ ~(124) Sn at Ec.m. = 128.5 MeV is investigated using the improved quantum molecular dynamics model. The measured angular distributions and isotopic distributions of the products are reproduced reasonably well by the calculations. The multinucleon transfer reactions of ~(40) Ca +~(112) Sn, ~(58) Ni + ~(112) Sn, ~(106) Cd + ~(112) Sn, and ~(48) Ca + ~(112) Sn are also studied. This demonstrates that the combinations of neutron-deficient projectile and target are advantageous for the production of exotic neutron-deficient nuclei near N,Z =50. The charged particles' emission plays an important role at small impact parameters in the de-excitation processes of the system. The production cross sections of the exotic neutron-deficient nuclei in multinucleon transfer reactions are much larger than those measured in the fragmentation and fusion-evaporation reactions. Several new neutron-deficient nuclei can be produced in the ~(106) Cd + ~(112) Sn reaction. The corresponding production cross sections for the new neutron-deficient nuclei,~(101,112) Sb,~(103) Te,and ~106,107) I,are 2.0 nb,4.1 nb,6.5 nb,0.4 μb and 1.0 μb,respectively.     

溶剂热合成介孔氧化硅负载纳米硫化镉光催化剂及其光催化性能研究

以St(o)ber法合成的介孔氧化硅为载体,通过溶剂热法合成了介孔氧化硅负载纳米CdS光催化剂.利用XRD、SEM、比表面仪等分析手段对其结构和形貌进行了表征,并研究了其光催化性能.结果表明:介孔二氧化硅负载的纳米硫化镉为六方晶型,其颗粒尺寸约为20～30 nm.纳米CdS被负载后堵塞了二氧化硅的部分介孔孔道,致使其比表面积从590.5 m2/g下降到497.7 m2/g,孔体积也明显下降.利用介孔氧化硅负载纳米硫化镉作为光催化剂可见光光降解罗丹明B的实验结果表明,由于其介孔结构而使其对罗丹明B有较强吸附,从其光催化反应动力学方程可以看出纳米CdS被介孔二氧化硅负载后提高了其光催化反应速率.     

Generalized chaos synchronization of a weighted complex network with different nodes

This paper proposes a method of realizing generalized chaos synchronization of a weighted complex network with different nodes. Chaotic systems with diverse structures are taken as the nodes of the complex dynamical network, the nonlinear terms of the systems are taken as coupling functions, and the relations among the nodes are built through weighted connections. The structure of the coupling functions between the connected nodes is obtained based on Lyapunov stability theory. A complex network with nodes of Lorenz system, Coullet system, Rõssler system and the New system is taken as an example for simulation study and the results show that generalized chaos synchronization exists in the whole weighted complex network with different nodes when the coupling strength among the nodes is given with any weight value. The method can be used in realizing generalized chaos synchronization of a weighted complex network with different nodes. Furthermore, both the weight value of the coupling strength among the nodes and the number of the nodes have no effect on the stability of synchronization in the whole complex network.     

Optical properties of Mg~(2+),Yb~(3+),and Ho~(3+) tri-doped LiNbO_3 crystals

A series of LiNbO_3 crystals tri-doped with Mg~(2+),Yb~(3+),and Ho~(3+) are grown by the conventional Czochraski technique.The concentrations of Mg~(2+),Yb~(3+),and Ho~(3+) ions in Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystals are measured by using an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry.The x-ray diffraction is proposed to determine the lattice constant and analyze the internal structure of the crystal.The light-induced scattering of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystal is quantitatively described via the threshold effect of incident exposure energy flux.The exposure energy(E_r) is calculated to discuss the optical damage resistance ability.The exposure energy of Mg(7 mol):Yb:Ho:LiNbO3 crystal is 709.17 J/cm~2,approximately 425 times higher than that of the Mg(l mol):Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystal in magnitude.The blue,red,and very intense green bands of Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystal are observed under the 980-nm laser excitation to evaluate the up-conversion emission properties.The dependence of the emission intensity on pumping power indicates that the up-conversion emission is a two-photon process.The up-conversion emission mechanism is discussed in detail.This study indicates that Mg:Yb:Ho:LiNbO_3 crystal can be applied to the fabrication of new multifunctional photoluminescence devices.     

六硼化铕亚微米管的电子场发射性能(英文)

以铕(Eu)粉末和三氯化硼(BCl3)作为前驱体,用简单的化学气相沉积方法制备了六硼化铕(EuB6)亚微米管。用XRD,SEM拉曼光谱,和TEM来表征EuB6微米管的形貌和晶体结构。场发射测试结果表明:根据F-N公式,场发射电流和电场之间在不同的阶段分别满足直线关系。