增添表面结构化学教学内容的建议

固体物质的体相结构和性质在其表面上有所反映和继承。表面原子排列的图象,理论上可以根据晶体结构加以推断。但是实际上,表面原子往往倾向于进入新的平衡位置,从而使表面层内原子间的距离、配位数、配位多面体的型式以及化学键的性质等发生变化,甚至重建表面结构。因此,不能简单地把表面看作体相的中止,把表面结构看作体相结构的简单延     

复合载体TiO2/SiO2的气相吸附法制备及MoO3在其表面上的分散状态

用气相流动吸附法制备了TiO_2/SiO_2复合载体,用浸渍法制备了MoO_3/(TiO_2/SiO_2)催化剂。应用XRD和LRS等技术研究了TiO_2在SiO_2表面及MoO_3在TiO_2/SiO_2表面上的分散状态。结果表明,TiO_2在复合载体中的含量低于其分散阈值时,它在SiO_2表面呈单层但非密置单层分散;MoO_3在催化剂中的含量低于其分散阈值时,它在复合载体表面亦呈单层但非密置单层分散。TiO_2与SiO_2之间、MoO_3与TiO_2/SiO_2之间相互作用都较弱。TiO_2在SiO_2表面的分散可改善MoO_3的分散状态,提高MoO_3在SiO_2表面上的分散阈值。     

蔗糖辅助制备大比表面积氧化铝

The preparation of alumina with large surface area, certain phase and porosimetry has always been one of important researches. A new method using much less sucrose (the molar ratio of sucrose to Al^3 =0.5) was developed to prepare γ-Al2O3 with large surface area and high thermal stability. Firstly, ammonium hydroxide was dropped to aqueous solution of aluminum nitrate and sucrose. The resulted precipitate in suspension washeated until a homogeneous gel was ohtained. Then the gel was dehydrated at 110℃ to get a fluffy black precursor. Finally, γ-Al2O3 with A=345m^2/g was prepared by calcining the preeursor at 600℃ for 24h. The precursor and the obtained γ-Al2O3 were characterized by DTA-TG, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherms, XRD and TEM, According to the dispersion behaviors of organic compounds on supports, the related mechanism was discussed.     

DISPERSION STATE OF ZINC OXIDE ON SURFACE OF SILICA GEL AND SURFACE ACIDITY OF ZnO/SiO_2

The dispersion threshold level of zinc oxide on silica gel was determined by X-ray quantitative phase analysis. And the results of XPS experiments show that the surface of the sample is enriched with ZnO and there is a limit for the ZnO amount dispersed on the surface. The value of this limit is corresponding with the threshold level obtained by XRD. The measurements of surfaee acidity show that there are some stronger acid sites on the surface of ZnO/SiO_2, they have not been found on the ZnO or SiO_2 individually, and the total amount of acid increases remarkably. The acidity depends on the ZnO concentration in the surface phase and reaches the maximum at the threshold value.In this paper, we propose a new point of view for the origin of the acidity on surface of the ZnO/SiO_2 samples. ZnO is well dispersed on the surface of SiO_2 gel in a monolayer state. In this situation, some new surface structure units emerge as a result of interaction between dispersed ZnO and the carrier, which are responsible     

THE CRYSTAL STRUCTURE AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF THE COMPLEXES FORMED BY TiCl_4 AND MgCl_2 WITH ESTERS——A RESEARCH ON THE STRUCTURE OF HIGHLY EFFICIENT CATALYSTS FOR POLYPROPYLENE

The complexes of TiCl_4, MgCl_2 and esters which are significant in industry have beenstudied by X-ray diffraction, IR and uv spectra. Their single crystal structures have also beendetermined. TiCl_4 and PhCOOEt can form two complexes, TiCl_4·L and TiCl_4·2L·MgGl_2, CH_3COOEtand H_2O form complex MgCl_2·2CH_3COOEt·2H_2O. All of them are molecular crystals. Theirspacial groups are C_(2h)~5-P2_1/c, C_(2h)~5-P2_1/n and C_(2h)~6-C_2/c respectively. From the XRD powderpattern, it has been ascertained that TiCl_4·L is formed in the process of the catalyst prepara-tion with milling-soaking method. Comparison between the IR spectra of the catalyst and Mgcomplex indicates that the coordinative bonds of the surface complex of the catalyst are verysimilar to that of the complex.     

CuO调配SnO2表面用于碳烟颗粒燃烧:单层分散阈值效应对催化性能的影响

柴油发动机由于具有良好的动力和经济性等优势而得到广泛的应用,但排放的尾气中碳烟颗粒物(PM)却给人类健康和环境带来了严重的危害.目前PM污染的治理引起了广大科研工作者的关注.催化燃烧成为PM污染消除技术中最有效的方法.金属氧化物负载到载体上时,通常会出现单层分散现象,其单层分散容量可以通过XRD, XPS和Raman等外推法测定.此外,当负载体系用作某种反应的催化剂时,往往会表现出单层分散阈值效应,即阈值附近的催化剂通常具有较高的活性和选择性等.目前单层分散理论已被广泛接受,成为设计高性能催化材料的重要指导思想.在过去八年本课题组将SnO_2基催化材料用于多种环保和能源反应,并系统地探究了其催化性能.结果表明, SnO_2含有丰富的表面活泼氧和晶格氧,且热稳定性高,是一种优良的催化剂载体.基于单层分散理论,为获得更实用的PM燃烧催化剂,我们利用浸渍法设计制备了系列不同Cu O负载量的Cu O/SnO_2催化剂,并使用XRD, XPS, Raman, TEM, STEM-mapping,H2-TPR, soot-TPR和O2-TPD等手段深入研究了其构效关系.利用XRD和XPS外推法测得的Cu O高度分散在SnO_2载体表面,其单层分散阈值为2.09 mmol100m~(-2),即相当于4.8%CuO负载量.低于该负载量时, CuO以亚单层分散态存在;而高于该负载量时,形成的Cu O微晶和单层分散态的Cu O共存.在单层分散阈值之前,催化剂的碳烟燃烧活性随Cu O负载量的升高而上升;进一步提高CuO负载量对其活性无明显的影响.Raman结果表明,在单层分散阈值之前, CuO负载到SnO_2载体上可有效形成表面活泼氧中心,且其含量随Cu O负载量升高而增加;进一步提高Cu O负载量则对其含量无明显改变.因此,Cu O/SnO_2催化剂用于碳烟颗粒燃烧具有明显的阈值效应.以上结果表明,表面活泼氧中心含量是决定该催化剂活性的主要因素.     

CuCl等在γ-Al_2O_3表面的分散及其对乙烯吸附的研究

本文研究了CuCl在γAl_20_3表面上的分散和乙烯在CuCl/γ-Al_2O_3上的吸附和程序升温脱附情况.X射线相定量法和紫外漫反射法都表明用烘烤法或浸渍法制备的CuCl/γ-Al_2O_3中CuCl在γ-Al_2O_3表面可达单层分散.X射线相定量法测得CuCl在γ-Al_2O_3表面上的最大分散量为0.095克CuCl/100米~2γ-Al_2O_3表面.吸附和程序升温脱附研究表明,分散在γ-Al_2O_3表面上的CuCl在室温常压下便可吸附乙烯,比纯CuCl吸附乙烯的能力提高千倍以上,分散后的CuCl吸附乙烯的分子比可高达0.19C_2H_4分子/Cu~ 离子.分散在γ-Al_2O_3表面上的CuCl可与C_2H_4,C_3H_6等形成表面π络合物,但要求有合适的几何环境.这些结果可供利用CuCl/γ-Al_2O_3分离含不饱和键分子时参考。     

具有优异热稳定性的磷修饰氧化钛及其对水中污染物的降解

通过水热法制得磷修饰氧化钛,它在亚甲基蓝和对氯苯酚的降解以及消除大肠杆菌的实验中都表现出高于纯氧化钛的优异活性,甚至优于商品化催化剂P25.在捕获剂中降解亚甲基蓝的实验证实羟基自由基是最主要的活性氧物种,并且磷修饰氧化钛在光照下拥有较强的产生羟基自由基的能力,同时,磷修饰氧化钛具有非常高的热稳定性,直到950℃才会发生...