In vitro three-dimensional cancer metastasis modeling:Past,present, and future

Metastasis is the leading cause of most cancer deaths, as opposed to dysregulated cell growth of the primary tumor.Molecular mechanisms of metastasis have been studied for decades and the findings have evolved our understanding of the progression of malignancy. However, most of the molecular mechanisms fail to address the causes of cancer and its evolutionary origin, demonstrating an inability to find a solution for complete cure of cancer. After being a neglected area of tumor biology for quite some time, recently several studies have focused on the impact of the tumor microenvironment on cancer growth. The importance of the tumor microenvironment is gradually gaining attention, particularly from the perspective of biophysics. In vitro three-dimensional(3-D) metastatic models are an indispensable platform for investigating the tumor microenvironment, as they mimic the in vivo tumor tissue. In 3-D metastatic in vitro models, static factors such as the mechanical properties, biochemical factors, as well as dynamic factors such as cell–cell, cell–ECM interactions, and fluid shear stress can be studied quantitatively. With increasing focus on basic cancer research and drug development, the in vitro 3-D models offer unique advantages in fundamental and clinical biomedical studies.     

电爆炸法制备纳米颗粒收集方法

金属丝电爆炸法制备纳米材料因其负载可大程度的过热和爆炸产物非平衡扩散过程得到了研究人员的广泛关注,认为是制备新型功能材料的有效方法。研究了不同收集方法对电爆炸法制备钛纳米颗粒的影响,并结合电学、光学、自辐射图像和形貌分析等诊断手段分析了不同方法下产物特性的成因。结果表明,钛丝电爆炸呈现周期型放电模式,产物通道在放电结束前（约40 μs）可膨胀至约1.7 cm处,此后有尖状突刺发展（波阵面后湍流区）,其速度约为55 m/s。为研究爆炸产物不同状态下纳米颗粒形成特性,使用了3种不同的产物收集方法,分别为:①在金属丝径向1.5 cm处放置硅片收集;②在腔体出口处预置滤网收集;③在金属丝一侧电极上通过定向喷涂收集。产物形貌表征结果表明,使用不同收集方法时产物特征存在明显差别,前2种方法爆炸产物先与介质混合再沉积于硅片,得到的产物分别为分散、链状的球状纳米颗粒和密集、堆叠的纳米颗粒团簇;后一种方法电爆炸产物具有较高的密度和定向速度（对硅片）,硅片以金属丝为轴心远近呈现出粉末状和烧结块状两种不同形式。     

含两个圆孔电致伸缩材料的二维应力集中问题研究

应用复变函数方法,研究了含有两个圆孔无限大电致伸缩材料的二维应力集中问题。基于精确的电学和力学边界条件以及复变函数级数表示法,给出了孔边电场和应力场的一般解;在具体数值计算中,通过令两孔相距足够远得到单孔问题的近似解,并与已有单孔精确解比较,验证了本文解的正确性;通过改变孔内介质的介电常数和孔的位置讨论了孔周应力的分布规律。结果表明:当两孔距离很大时,圆孔孔周应力分布不受另一孔的影响;一般情况下孔内的电场很微弱,对孔周应力影响很小,可略去不计;当两孔圆心连线垂直于外加电场时,孔周应力峰值达到最大。     

由停时所确定的事件域

本文对于Markov过程的自然滤子详细讨论了停时前以及严格停时前的事件域,并给出介于首中时和逃逸时之间的停时的刻画。     

配体能级分布对稀土配合物荧光性能的影响

通过研究稀土配合物Eu(BA)3phen,Eu(SA)3phen和Eu(TBA)3phen的紫外可见吸收光谱和荧光光谱,分析了三种不同的有机配体的能级分布情况以及这些能级与Eu3+的最低激发态能级的匹配程度。紫外可见吸收光谱表明,三种稀土配合物具有不同的吸收峰。荧光光谱表明三种稀土配合物的荧光发射强度有很大差异。根据分析结果,解释了三种稀土配合物荧光强度的差别主要来源于三种不同的第一配体能级的吸收紫外光能力,以及与Eu3+的最低激发态能级的匹配程度。这种分析方法使用配体能级分布的理论探讨了稀土配合物内部能量传递过程的问题,为深入研究稀土配合物荧光材料提供了新的思路。     

机械力诱导发光高分子材料

发展具有机械力诱导发光性质的高分子是目前高分子力化学领域的一个新兴前沿课题.这类响应性高分子材料由于能够将机械能转换成灵敏的光信号,是连接微观分子水平研究与宏观材料性能表征的桥梁,因而有望作为高灵敏(在空间和时间2个维度上)应力探针在高分子材料损伤探测与失效机理研究方面发挥重要作用.本文详细介绍了机械力诱导发光高分子的设计与合成策略,以及研究者对发光机理的探索、发光效率的优化、发光过程的应用,揭示这类高分子的发光特点及其作为应力探针的优势,归纳总结已取得的初步进展,并对这类新型响应性高分子材料的发展进行简单的评述和展望.     

A theoretical study of the stereodynamics on the abstraction reactions H/D ＋ HS/DS

The quasi-classical trajectory(QCT) method is employed to calculate the stereodynamics of the abstraction reactions H/D+HS/DS based on an accurate potential energy surface [L S J,Zhang P Y,Han K L and He G Z 2012 J.Chem.Phys.136 094308].The reaction cross sections of the title reaction are computed,and the vector correlations for different collision energies and different initial vibrational states are presented.The influences of the collision energy and reagent vibration on the product polarization are studied,and the product polarizations of the title reactions are found to be distinctly different,which arises from the different mass factors,collision energies,and reagent vibrational states.     

具有爆炸反应特性装置在密闭容器内爆炸威力的评价方法

在装填有抛撒药和氟化物的装置中,当中心抛撒药起爆,将氟化物抛出装置时,氟化物会与密闭容器内液体发生剧烈反应,释放大量能量.为了评价该装置在密闭贮液容器内的爆炸威力,基于超压-冲量准则,在模拟密闭贮液容器内进行了爆炸毁伤威力评价实验,并计算得到该装置的TNT当量值.结果表明:该方法简单有效,可作为该装置在密闭贮液容器内爆...     

水中金属丝爆引燃铝粉悬浮液冲击波增强效应

开展了水中铜丝电爆炸引燃铝粉悬浮液的实验研究,将铝粉悬浮液置于有机玻璃管中,同轴心方向穿过200 μm的金属铜丝,经脉冲功率驱动后快速相变发生电爆炸为铝粉爆燃提供反应条件。通过比对不同质量球状铝粉（μm粒径）的悬浮液在相同脉冲电容器储能条件下的放电和冲击波参数,获得了电爆炸驱动铝粉放电特性和冲击波增强效应的规律。实验发现,电爆炸起爆铝粉的冲击波有两个明显的波峰,分别对应于金属丝电爆炸（一次冲击波）和由产物气体胀裂管壁产生的二次冲击波,且铝粉爆燃对二次冲击波的增强效应非常显著,在300 mg铝粉的悬浮液环境中,二次冲击波峰值达到2.77 MPa,是无铝粉添加环境中二次冲击波的2.25倍,冲击波冲量增强了约50%。对不同储能条件下200 mg铝粉的悬浮液环境中金属丝爆的冲击波进行了对比研究,发现随着驱动源储能的增加,电爆炸引发的主冲击波和二次冲击波压力均逐渐增大,600 J时分别达到了3.17和1.91 MPa,冲击波冲量也随储能增加而增加,在600 J储能条件时的冲量为41.12 Pa·s,储能条件约300 J时20.24 Pa·s冲量的2倍。     

Properties of a Si2N molecule under an external electric field

In the present work,we adopt the ccsd/6-31g（d） method to optimize the ground state structure and calculate the vibrational frequency of the Si2N molecule.The calculated frequencies accord satisfactorily with the experimental values,which helps confirm the ground state structure of the molecule.In order to find how the external electric field affects the Si2N molecule,we use the density functional method B3P86/6-31g（d） to optimize the ground state structure and the time-dependent density functional theory TDDFT/6-31g（d） to study the absorption spectra,the excitation energies,the oscillator strengths,and the dipole moments of the Si2N molecule under different external electric fields.It is found that the absorption spectra,the excitation energies,the oscillator strengths,and the dipole moments of the Si2N molecule are affected by the external electric field.One of the valuable results is that the absorption spectra of the yellow and the blue-violet light of the Si2N molecule each have a red shift under the electric field.The luminescence mechanism in the visible light region of the Si2N molecule is also investigated and compared with the experimental data.