2014年度物理科学二处科学基金项目评审工作综述

物理科学二处主要资助基础物理、粒子物理、核物理、核技术与应用、加速器物理与探测器技术、等离子体物理、同步辐射方法与技术等领域的研究工作,同时负责受理国家自然科学基金委员会—中国工程物理研究院联合基金(简称NSAF联合基金)、大科学装置科学研究联合基金、先进核裂变能的燃料增殖与嬗变重大研究计划、理论物理专款等类型项目。本文简要综述2014年度物理科学二处基金项目受理、评审情况,使广大科研人员及科研管理部门了解本年度     

Optical and mechanical properties of polyurethane/surface-modified nanocrystalline cellulose composites

in order to improve the optical and mechanical performances of waterborne polyurethane （WPU）, nanocrystalline cellulose （NCC）/WPU composites were synthesized in this study. NCC （prepared by acid hydrolysis of cotton fiber） was modified by （3-aminopropyl）triethoxysilane （APTES） to enhance its compatibility with WPU, and the surface-modified NCC was characterized by grafting ratio, crystallinity and contact angle （CA）. NCC/WPU composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, X-ray powder diffraction （XRD） and thermogravimetric analysis （TG）. The anti-yellowing property, specular gloss, pencil hardness, and abrasion resistance of NCC/WPU composites were investigated by the methods of Chinese National Standards GB/T 23999-2009, GB/T 9754-2007, GB/T 6739-2006 and GB/T 1768-2006, respectively. The results showed that the grafting ratio of NCC modified by 6% APTES was 36.01% and the crystallinity of modified NCC was decreased with the enhancement of APTES. CA of the modified NCC was decreased by 28.8% and the nanoparticles were homogeneously dispersed in the WPU matrix. The XRD patterns of the NCC/WPU composites were relatively steady, while the thermal stability of the composites was enhanced by 6.7% with 1.0 wt% modified NCC. Modified NCC affected the specular gloss of NCC/WPU composites more obviously than the anti-yellowing property. The pencil hardness of NCC/WPU composites was increased from 2H to 4H by addition of NCC and the abrasion resistance of the composites was enhanced significantly. In general, NCC/WPU composites showed significant improvements in the optical and mechanical performances.     

4mm回旋管用超导磁体的研制和应用

研制了一个用于4mm 回旋管的超导磁体,其主磁场达到3T.与回旋管配合产生基波长脉冲,输出功率大于60KW,脉冲宽度10—20ms,工作频率70GHz.用于 HL-1托卡马克成功地进行了等离子体预电离实验.     

Research on six-degree-of-freedom calibration system for wind tunnel balances with a collimated laser beam

A newly-developed six-degree-of-freedom calibration system for the wind tunnel balances is introduced. The frame of the system, the functions and the operating principle of different parts are presented in detail. The system is composed of four parts: the automatically loading subsystem, the automatically resetting subsystem, the data-acquisition subsystem and the measurement subsystem. The results of some cell experiments proved that the system can meet the needs of the present calibration task of the balance. Through further improvement, the system can be also used to calibrate other devices with multi degree-of-freedom and measure the minute shifts, such as the guide rail of machine tool and the assembling of large parts and so on.     

4mm回旋管用于HL-1装置的初步预电离实验

本文给出了用4mm波段回旋管在HL-1装置进行的预电离实验结果。注入功率为40kW左右。初步观察到环电压降低与击穿延迟时间减少,以及由此引起的伏秒数节约、等离子体电流增加与等离子体过程提前。并简单地描述了回旋管及其超导磁体和微波传输系统。     

Radioactive contamination of the environment as a result of uranium production: a case study at the abandoned Lincang uranium mine, Yunnan Province, China

The distribution of radioactive pollutants, such as ~(222)Rn, U, Th and ~(226)Ra in the air, sur-face waters, soils and crops around the Lincang uranium mine, Yunnan Province, China, is studiedThe mechanical, geochemical and biogeochemical processes responsible for the transport andfate of the radioactive elements are discussed based on the monitoring data. The pollutants con-centrations of effluents from the mine tunnels were dependent on pH and SO_4~(2-) which were con-trolled by biochemical oxidation of sulfide in the ore/host rocks. Radon anomalies in air reached 4km from the tailings pile depending on radon release from the site, topography and climate. ~(238)Uand ~(226)Ra abnormities in stream sediments and soil were 40-90 cm deep and 790-800 m awaydownstream. Anomalies of radioactive contaminants of surface watercourses extended 7.5-13km from the discharge of effluents of the site mainly depending on mechanical and chemical proc-esses. There were about 2.86 ha rice fields and 1.59 km stream sediments contaminated. Erosionof tailings and mining debris with little or no containment or control accelerated the contaminationprocesses.     

铁电薄膜底电极对薄膜结构与电性能的影响

研究了电极材料（Ｐｔ／Ｔｉ）对铁电ＰＬＺＴ（７．５／６５／３５）陶瓷薄膜结构和性能的影响．认为在Ｐｔ层厚度一定时，Ｔｉ层的厚度对铁电薄膜的结构和性能有显著影响．当Ｔｉ层过厚或过薄时，铁电薄膜的结构较差；而当Ｔｉ层的厚度适中时，则铁电薄膜的显向下微结构均匀，电性能较好，典型的剩余极化强度和矫顽场分别为２７．８μＣ·ｃｍ^-2和６５．１ｋＶ·ｃｍ^-1． 关键词：     

中下生学习物理入门切入点的理性思考

针对中下生学习物理入门之困难,选准切入点,提出了相应措施即师生形成共识,形象思维与逻辑思维融合起来形成物理思维习惯,精读题目,选准知识点.     

La_(1-x)Ca_xCrO_3(x=0～0.335)的反常负磁化行为研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La_(1-x)Ca_xCrO_3(x=0~0.335)多晶样品,并研究其磁性.La_(1-x)Ca_xCrO_3的奈尔温度随掺钙量的增加而降低,在零场冷却模式下外加磁场为10Oe时,La_(1-x)Ca_xCrO_3样品的磁化率-温度曲线均出现负磁化现象,这是该体系中负磁化现象的首次报道.La_(0.665)Ca_(0.335)CrO_3在50K下的磁化率数值远高于其他样品,且其负磁化行为随着外场强度增大而被抑制,说明体系可能同时存在铁磁性相与抗磁性相,外加磁场较低时,铁磁信号被抑制,呈现出温度依赖的负磁化行为;外加磁场较高时,铁磁性信号与负磁性信号叠加,呈现出反铁磁转变特性.     

铯蒸汽中受激电子喇曼散射

本文报导了利用微微秒脉冲系列在铯原子蒸汽中产生受激电子喇曼散射,得到强微微秒红外脉冲的实验结果.波长为527nm的绿光经喇曼频移产生2.28μm的红外输出,最大能量达1mJ,量子转换效率为16%.实验测量了红外辐射强度及受激电子喇曼散射的阈值对蒸汽压、泵浦光强度的依赖关系,并进行了分析和讨论.