基于虚拟双差动共焦的快速表面轮廓测量方法

针对传统共焦显微技术定焦过程中扫描速度和扫描精度无法兼顾的问题,提出了一种基于虚拟双差动共焦的快速表面轮廓测量方法.其将传统共焦响应曲线向前平移和向后平移指定量得到虚拟前焦和虚拟后焦信号;然后将虚拟前、后焦信号与原始共焦信号分别相减,并将相减结果做相加处理得到虚拟双差动曲线.虚拟双差动曲线具有大线性范围、高定焦灵敏度的...     

A novel anti-shock silicon etching apparatus for solving diaphragm release problems

This paper presents a novel anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus for solving a universal problem which occurs when releasing the diaphragm (e.g.\ SiNx), that the diaphragm tends to be probably cracked by the impact of heating-induced bubbles, the swirling of heating-induced etchant, dithering of the hand and imbalanced etchant pressure during the wafer being taken out. Through finite element methods, the causes of the diaphragm cracking are analysed. The impact of heating-induced bubbles could be the main factor which results in the failure stress of the SiNx diaphragm and the rupture of it. In order to reduce the four potential effects on the cracking of the released diaphragm, an anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus is proposed for using during the last etching process of the diaphragm release. That is, the silicon wafer is first put into the regular constant temperature etching apparatus or ultrasonic plus, and when the residual bulk silicon to be etched reaches near the interface of the silicon and SiNx diaphragm, within a distance of 50--80~\mu m (the exact value is determined by the thickness, surface area and intensity of the released diaphragm), the wafer is taken out carefully and put into the said anti-shock silicon etching apparatus. The wafer's position is at the geometrical centre, also the centre of gravity of the etching vessel. An etchant outlet is built at the bottom. The wafer is etched continuously, and at the same time the etchant flows out of the vessel. Optionally, two symmetrically placed low-power heating resistors are put in the anti-shock silicon etching apparatus to quicken the etching process. The heating resistors' power should be low enough to avoid the swirling of the heating-induced etchant and the impact of the heating-induced bubbles on the released diaphragm. According to the experimental results, the released SiNx diaphragm thus treated is unbroken, which proves the practicality of the said anti-shock bulk silicon etching apparatus.     

软岩工程地质力学研究进展

在中国煤矿软岩工程地质力学的研究中 ,作者指出了国际岩石力学学会关于软岩定义的缺陷 ,提出了新的软岩定义和分类 ,并论述了软岩的变形力学机制、软化状态方程、软岩巷道支护理论、支护荷载的确定以及软岩工程地质力学设计方法。可以认为 ,中国软岩工程地质力学已经形成了较为完整的理论框架体系.     

Stability and bifurcation behaviors analysis in a nonlinear harmful algal dynamical model

A food chain made up of two typical algae and a zooplankton was considered. Based on ecological eutrophication, interaction of the algal and the prey of the zooplankton, a nutrient nonlinear dynamic system was constructed. Using the methods of the modern nonlinear dynamics, the bifurcation behaviors and stability of the model equations by changing the control parameter r were discussed. The value of r for bifurcation point was calculated, and the stability of the limit cycle was also discussed. The result shows that through quasi-periodicity bifurcation the system is lost in chaos.     

基于三种重复方式下超希腊拉丁方设计的方差分析

超希腊拉丁方设计可以从多个不同方向控制试验的误差,在医学和工农业生产等领域有着广泛的应用.因此,对超希腊拉丁方设计进行方差分析有着重要意义.文章首先给出了超希腊拉丁方设计的方差分析,并讨论了在三种不同重复方式下的超希腊拉丁方设计的方差分析,最后通过例子验证所获的理论结果.     

溶胶-凝胶法改性碳纤维增强纳米HA复合材料的制备及性能研究

先对碳纤维进行对氨基苯甲酸预处理,然后通过溶胶-凝胶技术在预处理后碳纤维表面涂覆HA涂层,随后利用粉末冶金技术制备改性碳纤维增强纳米HA复合材料.研究碳纤维的改性工艺,观察改性后碳纤维表面的微观形貌,测量小同碳纤维含量下复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性.结果表明对氨基苯甲酸处理后碳纤维表面形成大量的纵向凹槽,表面粗糙度增加,将其在HA溶胶中提拉5次后可以在表面获得一层致密的、结合性能较好的膜层.烧结产物中HA过渡层可以很好地连接基体和碳纤维,提高纳米HA复合材料的力学性能,当碳纤维含量为3vol;时,溶胶-凝胶改性碳纤维/纳米HA复合材料的抗弯强度达到最大值84.6 MPa,是基体抗弯强度的3.45倍.当碳纤维含量为4vol;时,溶胶-凝胶改性碳纤维/纳米HA复合材料的断裂韧度达到最大值1.92 MPa·m1/2,是基体断裂韧度的2.43倍.     

基于元素电负性的有机化学教学设计——以乙烯和溴的反应为例

通过乙烯和溴加成反应的教学设计,展示了参与有机反应的原子的电负性决定有机化学反应过程的逻辑关系,以帮助学生改变靠死记硬背掌握有机化学反应机理的学习方法。     

聚焦核心素养 开展深度复习——以“构建常数列解决数列问题”微专题为例

理性思维与科学精神是高中数学核心素养的灵魂,微专题复习是促进深度复习,培育核心素养,发展理性思维,培养科学精神的重要方式.文章以核心问题为固着点,以变式题组为进阶,搭建脚手架,引领学生走进深度复习,从而串联“碎片化”知识点,编织知识网络,构建知识体系,夯实基本知识,培养关键能力,发展核心素养,从而提升理性思维和科学精神.     

Ni-Co-B非晶态合金催化肉桂醛常压加氢制3-苯丙醛的研究

采用化学还原法制备了一系列Ni-Co-B非晶态合金催化剂, 通过调变金属盐混和液中Ni^2＋/Co^2＋的比例, 可制得不同Co含量的Ni-Co-B非晶态合金. 用ICP, BET, XRD, TEM, SAED, DSC, XPS和H₂-TPD对其组成、结构、粒子大小、表面形貌和表面电子态进行了系列表征, 并以肉桂醛常压加氢制苯丙醛作为探针反应, 考察了所制备的Ni-Co-B非晶态合金的催化性能. 结果表明, Ni-Co-B非晶态合金中Ni为活性中心, Co的引入可显著增加其催化活性. 由于催化测试中金属总量固定为1.0 g, 因此增加Ni-Co-B中Co的含量具有正负两方面的效应. 一方面, 由于Ni活性位数目的减少加氢活性降低; 另一方面, Co对Ni活性中心具有协同作用, 有利于增加合金的无序度、金属-类金属间相互作用、表面Ni含量和电子相互作用, 从而提高催化活性. 最佳Co与(Ni＋Co)摩尔比含量的范围为0.2～0.5.     

新型海胆状钨铜自支撑电极的制备及其葡萄糖无酶传感

该文采用方波脉冲法在光滑W70Cu30电极表面快速、高效制备海胆状结构的自支撑电极（U－WCu）,并用于葡萄糖的电化学检测,其表现出比单一纳米铜（N－Cu）更优异的电化学性能。考察了脉冲时间、脉冲频率和电势范围对葡萄糖电催化氧化的影响。采用循环伏安法（CV）比较了U－WCu电极和N－Cu电极在0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液中对葡萄糖的电催化氧化行为,构建了基于U－WCu海胆状电极的无酶电化学传感器。该电极的线性范围宽（2 μmol/L ~ 10 mmol/L）,检出限（S/N = 3）低至0.21 μmol/L,灵敏度高达4 983 μA?mmol?L-1?cm-2。方法有极好的重复性、重现性,良好的抗干扰性,以及长达8周的稳定性,并成功用于葡萄糖注射液中葡萄糖含量的测定。