Ca2+诱导的淀粉液化芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子的生物活性和结构变化

在研究Ca²⁺对淀粉液化芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子生物活性影响的基础上, 采用荧光光谱法和傅里叶变换红外光谱法研究了Ca²⁺诱导的酶分子结构变化. 结果表明, 当溶液中Ca²⁺浓度低于25.0 mmol/L时, Ca²⁺对酶分子具有激活作用; 而当Ca²⁺浓度高于25.0 mmol/L时, Ca²⁺对酶分子的生物活性具有抑制作用. 在Ca²⁺诱导的淀粉液化芽孢杆菌α-淀粉酶分子结构变化过程中, 酶分子仅发生二级结构的变化, 并不涉及其三级结构. 当Ca²⁺对酶分子具有激活作用时, 酶分子中的无规卷曲结构及β-折叠结构的含量下降, 而α-螺旋结构及β-转角结构的含量上升; 而当Ca²⁺对酶分子生物活性具有抑制作用时, 酶分子中的α-螺旋结构及β-转角结构的含量下降, 而无规卷曲结构及β-折叠结构的含量上升.     

玻璃微球基乳化炸药及其在爆炸焊接中的应用

爆速是爆炸复合的主要参数之一。采用玻璃微球作为敏化剂和稀释剂,研究玻璃微球尺寸、含量对乳化炸药爆速的影响,然后调配爆速为2.230km/s的低爆速乳化炸药,利用铝蜂窝板配置蜂窝结构炸药,进行铝-钢复合板的爆炸焊接。试验结果表明:炸药密度随着玻璃微球含量的增加而减小;小尺寸玻璃微球含量(质量分数)小于2%或者大于35%时,乳化炸药发生拒爆现象;玻璃微球含量大于7%且小于35%时,炸药爆速随着玻璃微球含量的增大而减小。小尺寸(5~100μm)玻璃微球的敏化效果和调节爆速效果比大尺寸(70~200μm)玻璃微球好,铝蜂窝结构炸药用于铝-钢爆炸焊接可以获得良好的结合质量。     

N,N-二苄基二硫代氨基甲酸金属配合物的合成、晶体结构及其热稳定性研究

报道了四种二苄基二硫代氨基甲酸金属配合物 [Cd(DBTC) 2 ] 2 ( 1) ,[Hg(DBTC) 2 ] ( 2 ) ,[Nd(DBTC) 3 ·2H2 O]和 [Nd (DBTC) 3 (HMPA) 2 ] ( 3 ) (DBTC =N ,N 二苄基二硫代氨基甲酸 ;HMPA =六次甲基磷酰胺 )的合成及其红外光谱 .配合物 1～3的晶体结构用X射线晶体衍射分析确定 .配合物 1,C3 0 H2 8N2 CdS4,Mr=65 7.18,单斜晶系 ,空间群P2 1/n ,a =1.110 98( 4 )nm ,b =1.5 63 2 5 ( 5 )nm ,c =1.66695 ( 5 )nm ,β =97.92 2 0 ( 10 )° ,Z =4,R =0 .0 44 ,wR1=0 .0 91.2 ,C3 0 H2 8N2 HgS4,Mr=745 3 7,正交晶系 ,空间群Pbcn ,a =1.64 73 8( 1)nm ,b =1.864 18( 14 )nm ,c =0 .940 0 0 ( 6)nm ,Z =4,R =0 .0 3 87,wR1=0 0 965 .3 ,C57H78N9NdO2 P2 S6,Mr=13 19.82 ,单斜晶系 ,空间群P2 1/c ,a =1.3 0 3 89( 9)nm ,b =3 .470 8( 3 )nm ,c=3 .12 10 ( 2 )nm ,β =96.5 2 7( 2 )° ,Z =8,R =0 .10 2 3 ,wR1=0 .2 2 0 3 .1为二聚体 ,中心离子的配位结构为扭曲的四方锥 ;2和 3均为单核配合物 ,但中心离子的配位结构不同 ,2为扭曲的四面体 ,而 3则为变形的十二面体 .配合物的热重分析结果表明配合物 1,2在加热失重的过程中可能伴随有升华现象 ,有望作为MOCVD的前驱物     

含能微球敏化乳化炸药水下爆炸能量输出特性研究

将内部含有烷烃的含能微球引入乳化基质,得到一种新型乳化炸药。采用水下爆炸实验探究微球质量分数对乳化炸药水下爆炸性能的影响,得到含能微球质量分数为0.2%～7%的乳化炸药水下爆炸冲击波压力-时程曲线。依据压力结果,通过公式计算和分析得到炸药的水下冲击波峰值压力、比气泡能、比冲击波能以及比爆炸能等水下爆炸参数。实验结果表明:含能微球质量分数0.2%的乳化炸药的峰值压力最大,并且随着微球质量分数增大而下降;乳化炸药的比气泡能随着含能微球质量分数的增大先上升再下降,微球质量分数为4%的比气泡能最大;乳化炸药的爆速、比冲击波能以及比爆炸能均随着含能微球质量分数的增大而下降。     

溶液中变性剂浓度对蛋白溶菌酶复性的影响

Based on three-state renaturation process of denatured proteins, an equation describing the effect of denaturant concentration on renaturation yield of denatured proteins was presented. By this equation, two parameters n（m1 -m2） and Ka can be obtained. The former indicates the difference in the number of denaturant molecules between the renaturation process of n number of refolding intermediates from refolding intermediate state to native state and their aggregate process from refolding intermediate state to aggregate state, the latter denotes the apparent aggregate equilibrium constant for protein molecules aggregated from native state to aggregate state, and from them, the characteristics of the renaturation process of denatured proteins in denaturant solution can be identified. This equation was tested by the renaturation processes of denatured egg white lysozyme in guanidine hydrochloride and urea solutions, with the results to show that when guanidine hydrochloride and urea concentrations were separately higher than 1.25 and 3.00 mol/L or separately lower than 1.00 and 3.00 mol/L, the refolding intermediates of egg white lysozymes were more easily aggregated to aggregate state or more easily renatured to native state, respectively. Under different initial total egg white lysozyme concentrations in urea solution, the refolding egg white lysozyme intermediates could be deduced to have a tendency to form a bimolecular intermediate aggregate, and this inference was further confirmed by their nonreducing SDS-PAGE and size exclusion chromatography.     

Pd-Cu/ZrO2催化CO2加氢制甲醇的性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了n(Cu):n(Zr)=1:1、1:2、1:4和1:8的Cu/ZrO₂催化剂。 实验结果表明,当n(Cu):n(Zr)=1:4时,催化剂表现出较高的CO₂转化率(8.0%)和甲醇选择性(59.5%),为了增加CO₂的转化率,提高甲醇选择性,在n(Cu):n(Zr)=1:4的催化剂中添加质量分数1%的Pd,采用浸渍法制备了Pd-Cu/ZrO₂催化剂。 在250 ℃、2 MPa、12000 mL/(g·h)和V(H₂):V(CO₂)=3:1的反应条件下,CO₂转化率和CH₃OH收率相比Cu/ZrO₂催化剂(n(Cu):n(Zr)=1:4)分别提高了40.0%和80.9%。 通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、N₂吸附-脱附(BET)、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)和程序升温还原化学吸附仪(H₂-TPR)等仪器表征证明Pd的添加提高了催化剂的分散性和比表面积。 催化剂中Pd和Cu之间强相互作用,使Cu2p轨道结合能向低处偏移,还原温度的降低,说明Pd-Cu/ZrO₂催化剂还原能力增强,使得CO₂加氢活性提高。     

A Simple Frontal Analysis Equation to Determine the Adsorption Parameters of Solute Molecules on Different Adsorbents

A simple frontal analysis equation to determine the adsorption parameters of solute molecules on different adsorbents was presented. It gives the relationship between the average breakthrough time and the feed solute concentration, and by using its linear form, two important parameters, the thermodynamic equilibrium constant KSL for solute adsorption on the surface of adsorbent and the number nt of total adsorption sites distributed on the surface of adsorbent, can be simultaneously determined. The frontal analyses for some aromatic hydrocarbons on RP-C18 reversed-phase medium, and some protein molecules on RP-C18 reversed-phase, WCX-1 cation-exchange, PEG-400 hydrophobic and Chelating Sepharose Fast-flow separately chelated with Zn^2＋ or Cu^2＋ media, were separately carried out to test this equation and their adsorption parameters KSL and nt were separately obtained. The results show that all these frontal analysis data can be well described by this frontal analysis equation. For all of these frontal analysis systems, their parameters nt can separately approximately keep constant and they are independent of solute molecules used, while their parameters KSL are dependent upon both of the media packed in frontal analysis column and the solute molecules used.     

亲水性氨基吡啶树脂的合成及其吸附性能

将氨基吡啶功能基引入亲水性大孔球状聚甲基丙烯酸环氧丙酯（PGMA）,合成了高亲水性的氨基吡啶螯合树脂(PGMA-AP),考察了该树脂对Hg²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cu²⁺、Ni²⁺等重金属离子的静态吸附性能及影响因素。 结果表明,该树脂对上述4种重金属离子在25 ℃时的静态饱和吸附容量分别为2.145、1.715、1.023和0.654 mmol/g,最佳吸附pH值为4.5～5.0,吸附性能随温度升高而改善,在实验浓度范围内该树脂对上述重金属离子的等温吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。     

SOLUTION OF THE CONNECTION PROBLEMS BETWEEN A FINITE HOLED PLATE AND A STIFFENER BY USING THE PARTITIONING CONCEPT OF THE GENERALIZED VARIATIONAL METHOD

In this paper a new finite element method is presented.in which complex functions arechosen to be the finite element model and the partitioning concept of the generalizedvariational method is utilized.The stress concentration factors for a finite holed platewelded by a stiffener are calculated and the analytical solutions in series form are obtained.From some computer trials it is demonstrated that the problem of displacementcompatibility and continuity of tractions between the holed plate and the stiffener issuccessfully analysed by using this method.Since only three elements need to beformulated.relatively less storage is required than the usual finite element methods.Furthermore,the accurary of solutions is improved and the computer time requirements areconsiderably reduced.Numerical results of stress concentration factors and stresses alongthe welded-line which may be referential to engineers are shown in tables.     

基于实测数据的公路桥梁动态养修策略自适应优化模型

为了有效利用桥梁管养资源以确保桥梁在运营期的服役安全,本文构建了适用于公路桥梁的管养策略优化模型。基于1996—2020年间国内沿海地区208座及内陆地区176座存在历史养修工作的公路桥梁性能检测数据,建立了考虑养修时服役时长与养修频次的养修增益系数计算方法,并通过极大似然估计法计算出养修增益系数的取值范围。通过将改进逆高斯过程与贝叶斯更新方法结合建立了桥梁动态养修策略模型,并利用大量实测数据对模型性能进行评估,结果表明：模型预测平均相对误差为11.1%,可在一定程度上满足工程需要。采用改进后的灰狼算法对动态养修策略模型中的决策向量进行自适应优化,寻找使得剩余寿命累积成本最低的决策向量,并通过实际桥梁优化算例证实了决策向量最优解的存在以及自适应优化模型的有效性。