Resolution of RS-3-chloro-2-oxy-propyltrimethylammonium-chloride and Crystal Structure Studies on Its R,R-tartrate

1 INTRODUCTION RS-3-chloro-2-oxy-propyltrimethylammonium-chloride 1 and its enantiomers were important inter- mediates. For example, S-(-)-1 is an intermediate of L-carnitine[1]; R-(+)-1 is an intermediate of optically pure acetylcholine[2]; and compound 1 has also been used in other ways[3, 4]. RS-3-chloro-2-oxy-propyltrimethylammonium-chloride 1 has been synthesized and resolved with R,R-tartric acid. Di-(S-3-chloro-2-oxy-propyltri- methylammonium)-R,R-tartrate 2 was obtained and …     

SiO2负载磷钨杂多酸催化的甲苯与乙酸酐酰化反应

以SiO2负载12-磷钨酸（PW）为催化剂,对甲苯与乙酸酐(AA)的酰化反应进行了研究。采用XRD、BET、TGA和NH3-TPD等对PW/SiO2催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,PW负载量及焙烧温度对PW/SiO2的酸性、PW在SiO2上的分散状态以及酰化催化活性有明显的影响。PW的负载量40%（按质量计）、焙烧温度300℃制备的PW(40%)/SiO2催化剂,其PW在载体表面的分散度好,酸量及酸强度适宜,对甲苯与乙酸酐的酰化反应具有较高的催化活性。在130℃,催化剂/乙酸酐（质量比）2.2时,催化反应效果最佳。     

基于近红外光谱技术的生物炭组分分析

建立了基于近红外光谱技术的生物炭组分快速定量分析方法。采集了163个样品在10000~3800cm~(-1)范围内的近红外光图谱,测定了样品中的固定碳(Fixed carbon,FC)、挥发分(Volatile matter,VM)和灰分(Ash)3种组分含量。在优化建模波段,确定最佳因子数,采用多元散射校正与二阶导数光谱法对原始光谱预处理后,利用偏最小二乘法(Partial least squares,PLS)构建了生物炭样品中3种组分的模型,并对模型的预测性能进行了评价。结果表明,PLS模型具有良好的预测能力,FC、VM和Ash的真实值和预测值的相关系数(Predicted coefficient,R_p~2)分别达到0.9423,0.9517和0.9265,预测均方差(Root mean square error of prediction,RMSEP)值分别为0.1074,0.1201和0.1243,相对预测误差(Ratio of prediction to deviation,RPD)值分别为3.51,4.28和2.03。模型对FC和VM的精度较高,可以作为定量分析方法。根据RPD值,模型对Ash的预测精度较差,需要进一步提高模型预测精准度。本方法为生物炭组分的定量分析提供一种快速有效的技术手段。     

以构象概念为主线的高分子物理教学实践

提出以构象概念作为教学主线,论述了构象概念的意义以及构象概念与力学状态、橡胶弹性、取向态、流变性和凝聚态的内在关系。     

非线性混合模式的语音盲分离算法

本文针对FIR非线性混合模型，基于最大熵算法，提出了一种以高斯混合模式概率密度函数估计替代传统对数化概率密度估计的盲分离算法，以偶函数为非线性激活函数，采用最大期望（EM）迭代算法推导了分离算法的权向量迭代公式，通过模拟仿真实验结果与传统的最大熵和高阶累积量方法比较，新算法提高了收敛速度，并有效地完成了非线性语音分离任务，抑制了干扰语音信号的影响，提高了输出信噪比。     

Composition Dependence of Spectroscopic Properties of Er^3＋ Doped TeO2-WO3-ZnO Glasses

Er^3 -doped TeO2-WO3-ZnO glasses were prepared and the absorption spectra, emission spectra and fluorescence lifetimes were measured. With more Te02 content in the glasses, the emission full width at half maximum (FWHM) increases while the lifetime of the ^4I13/2 level of Er^3 decreases. The stimulated emission cross-sectionof Er^3 calculated by the McCumber theory is as large as 0.86pm^2. The product of the FWHM and the emissioncross-section σe of Er^3 in TeO2-WO3-ZnO glass is larger than those in other glasses, which indicates that the glasses are promising candidates for Er^3 -doped broadband amplifiers. The Judd-Otfelt parameter Ω6 shows close composition dependence of the 1.5μm emission bandwidth. The more the TeO2 content is, the larger thevalues of Ω6 and FWHM.     

Dynamic Simulation of Single DNA Molecule at the Base Level

A mesoscopic discrete dsDNA model at the base level is proposed based on the statistical model (Phys. Rev. Lett.82 (1999) 4560). The numerical simulations reproduce the 65 pN plateau and those on the force vs extension for different supercoiling degrees are favourable with the experimental data. Our model has potential applications on the study of short DNA segments and provides a bridge between the statistical models and atomic modelling.     

超声换能器表面的振动状态

从超声波在波密介质和波疏介质之间的传播以及诱发共振发射超声波的角度,讨论了空气中超声声速测量实验所用超声换能器的表面振动状态.理论分析及实验测量结果表明:超声换能器表面振动状态与其结构有关,超声接收器表面位移振幅一般不为零.     

妙用烧杯演示全反射现象

利用常见的烧杯可以直观地演示全反射现象,而且可见度很好. 实验一 演示方法和现象: 如图1所示,把烧杯放于教科书封面上.将实物投影仪的摄像头以30°倾角置于烧杯右侧并让镜头朝向左下方.透过烧杯壁可以看到烧杯底部下方书封面上的文字、图形.保持摄像头和烧杯位置不变,向烧杯中加满水,可观察到烧杯底不再透光而是明亮如镜,且不能看到书封面的文字.然后拿开烧杯,在书上放置烧杯处倒上少量水,将烧杯放回原处,使烧杯底和书面之间有一薄水层,如果有少量空气泡效果会更好.可观察到在有水处又能够看到书面字迹,而气泡却闪闪发亮.     

集成热管散热器的试验研究与数值模拟

设计了一种用于CPU冷却的集成热管散热器,介绍了其结构特点。通过试验对集成热管散热器和AVC全铜散热器的传热性能进行了比较,并对集成热管散热器的温度场分布进行了测试。采用STAR-CD软件对散热器外部的传热与流动进行数值模拟分析,并试验验证了数值模拟结果的真实性,从而为进一步研究改进集成热管散热器提供了参考依据。!