从“学”的角度看实验的全方位作用

现代教育思想强调研究“学”的规律,特别注意过程和学习心理。本文试从“学”的角度,在对物理学习过程的规律和对学生学习心理的研究中阐述实验在中学物理教学中的全方位作用。     

Dynamical localization effect in a coupled quantum dot array driven by an AC magnetic field

We have studied the transport properties of a ring-coupled quantum dot array driven by an AC magnetic field, which is connected to two leads, and we give the response of the transport current to the dynamical localization. We found that when the ratio of the magnetic flux to the total quantum dots number is a root of the zeroth order Bessel function, dynamical localization and collapse of quasi-energy occurs and importantly, the transport current displays a dip which is the signal of dynamical localization. The dynamical localization effect is strengthened as a result of the increase of the quantum dot number, and it is weakened on account of the increase of the dots-lead hopping rate.     

硝酸镥急性毒性的体液核磁共振氢谱研究

采用现代核磁共振技术,通过分析灌胃给药0．01、0．05、0．2、2、10和100ms／kg剂量Lu(NO3)3 24h内大鼠尿液及24h后大鼠血清的核磁共振氢谱(^1HNMR),由体液中内源性代谢物浓度的变化研究了稀土化合物在动物体内急性毒性。较高剂量组体液中的氨基酸、尿囊素、柠檬酸、氮氧三甲胺和肌酸酐等重要内源性代谢物的核磁共振谱峰强度发生了明显的变化,说明动物体内的代谢物出现异常：高剂量的稀土的引入可能使动物肾脏和肝脏均受到损害,且受损程度随稀土剂量的增高而渐趋严重。     

受限空间下的烯烃聚合研究

近些年来,随着纳米技术的发展,出现了很多微纳米反应器,该反应器能够提供具有纳米尺寸的反应环境,使得在该环境下进行的反应受到纳米空间的影响,生成具有纳米效应或特殊结构的产物。在聚烯烃催化聚合中,也出现很多具有受限空间的微纳米反应器载体,这些载体不仅能够负载烯烃催化剂,还能为烯烃聚合反应提供受限空间环境。在纳米尺度效应的影响下,催化烯烃聚合进程发生变化,可以得到一些具有特殊结构与性能(比如高熔点、超高分子量、纤维状)的聚烯烃产物。本文总结现阶段受限空间下烯烃聚合研究的最新成果,主要根据聚合物的不同结构进行分类,分别介绍了受限空间对聚烯烃产物的形貌、反应动力学及活性、初级结构、二级结构和凝聚态结构及性能的影响,并对受限聚合研究的发展趋势进行了展望。     

Effect of the Al/O ratio on the Al reaction of aluminized RDX-based explosives

Aluminum(Al) powders are used in composite explosives as a typical reducing agent for improving explosion performance. To understand energy release of aluminum in aluminized RDX-based explosives, a series of thermal measurements and underwater explosion(UNDEX) experiments were conducted. Lithium fluoride(LiF) was added in RDX-based explosives, as a replacement of aluminum, and used in constant temperature calorimeter experiments and UNDEXs. The influence of aluminum powder on explosion heat(Qv) was measured. A rich supply of data about aluminum energy release rate was gained. There are other oxides(CO_2, CO, and H_2O) in detonation products besides alumina when the content of RDX is maintained at the same levels. Aluminum cannot fully combine with oxygen in the detonation products. To study the relationship between the explosive formulation and energy release, pressure and impulse signals in underwater experiments were recorded and analyzed after charges were initiated underwater. The shock wave energy(Esk), bubble energy(Eb), and total energy(Et) monotony increase with the Al/O ratio, while the growth rates of the shock wave energy,bubble energy, and total energy become slow.     

一种预测醇化学位移的新方法

诱导效应是有机化学中最重要的效应之一,本文给出一套新的中性基团诱导效应参数(I_G). 结合极化效应指数(PEI),以及α,β,γ结构参数,提出核磁共振“内屏蔽”和“外屏蔽”的概念及碳谱位移“内屏蔽”和“外屏蔽”模型,由此定量描述了饱和醇类化合物¹³C NMR化学位移：  CS=-2.3+[20.696 7(ΣΔI)+18.386 5(ΣΔPEI) -0.011 1(ΣΔI/ΣΔPEI)     

A pure spin-current injector of semiconductor quantum dots with Andreev reflection and Rashba spin-orbit coupling

We propose a four-terminal device consisting of two parallel quantum dots with Rashba spin-orbit interaction (RSOI), coupled to two side superconductor leads and two common ferromagnetic leads, respectively. The two ferromagnetic leads and two quantum dots form a ring threaded by Aharonov-Bohm (AB) flux. This device possesses normal quasiparticle transmission between the two ferromagnetic leads, and normal and crossed Andreev reflections providing conductive holes. For the appropriate spin polarization of the ferromagnetic leads, RSOI and AB flux, the pure spin-up (or spin-down) current without net charge current in the right lead, which is due to the equal numbers of electrons and holes with the same spin-polarization moving along the same direction, can be obtained by adjusting the gate voltage, which may be used in practice as a pure spin-current injector.     

烟草对甘油的吸附

研究了水溶液中两种不同粒径的烟草对甘油的吸附作用。测定了两种不同粒径烟草在不同温度下的吸附等温线。考察了温度、酸度和乙醇对吸附的影响。结果表明：在稀溶液中吸附甘油符合Langmuir模型；烟草对甘油的吸附具有吸附速度快，温度影响小的特点。