考虑空气柱的水力旋流器内流场的数值模拟

对水力旋流器内流场进行了数值模拟.旋流器内液相和气相的湍流模拟采用了雷诺应力模型(RSM),边界条件采用速度进口、压力出口.在同一工况下选用三维模型及二维简化模型、分别用VOF模型及刚盖法对空气柱进行处理,就空气柱形成、切向及轴向速度与相同条件下试验测量的结果进行比较.结果表明,三维模型计算结果较二维简化模型与实验值吻合得更好,但二维简化模型在降低精度不大的前提下大大减少了计算时间.对空气柱的处理,选用VOF模型得到的结果更准确,而刚盖法减少了计算用时.     

Mass Fraction of 13C-Pocket in Metal-Poor AGB Stars and the Primary Nature of Neutron Source

Chemical abundances of very metal-poor s-rich stars contain excellent information to set new constraints on models of neutron-capture processes at low metallicity. Using the parametric approach based on the radiative s-process nucleosynthesis model, we obtain the mass fraction q of 13 C-pocket, the overlap factor r, the neutron exposure per interpulse △τ, and the component coefficients of the s-process and the r-process for 25 s-rich stars, respectively. We find that q deduced for the lead stars is comparable to the overlap factor r, which is larger than the standard case （hereafter ST case） of the AGB model （q - 0.05） about 10 times, and AT are about 10 times smaller than the ST case （AT = 7.0 mbarn^-1）. Although the two parameters obtained for the lead stars are very different from the ST case of the AGB stellar model, it is worth noting that the total amounts of 13 C in metal-poor condition are close to the ST case. The above relation is a significant evidence for the primary nature of the neutron source and the lead stars could be polluted by low-mass AGB stars. Because interpulse period declines with increasing stellar mass, for high-mass AGB star, the neutron irradiation may be terminated due to their shorter interpulse period. Thus the neutron exposure per interpulse of the larger AGB stars should be about 10 times smaller than the ST case. In this ease, the primary nature of the neutron source also exists.     

高炉污泥旋流法颗粒分离的数值模拟

本文采用一种简化的多流体多相流模型及雷诺应力湍流模型建立了水力旋流器内液固多相湍流流动的数学描 述,并对高炉污泥旋流分离进行了数值模拟,获得了水力旋流器内高炉污泥流动的流场及颗粒分级效率曲线,数值计算得 到的颗粒分级效率曲线与实验结果吻合很好。数值结果还表明,底流管直径较小的旋流器分离高炉污泥的效果较好。     

基于光谱响应差异的HJ-1B热红外通道星上定标系数验证

HJ-1B卫星热红外通道自发射以来共进行了7次星上黑体定标,然而针对星上定标系数的验证工作开展较少。通过半高宽法、矩方法和查找表法计算得到2009年9月14日星上定标系数。以具有较高定标精度的MODIS为参考源,基于MODIS第31,32通道和HJ-1B热红外通道的光谱响应特性,改进对应热红外通道的光谱匹配算法,建立两传感器表观辐亮度的匹配关系,进而通过Planck公式计算出HJ-1B热红外通道的等效水表亮温,通过与HJ-1B热红外通道基于星上定标系数得到的反演水表亮温进行比较,实现对星上定标系数的验证。以光谱响应差异计算的等效亮温值为285.97 K,半高宽法、矩方法和查找表法星上定标系数反演亮温值分别为288.77,274.52和285.97 K。结果显示,半高宽法、矩方法和查找表法星上定标系数反演亮温与光谱响应差异计算的等效亮温偏差分别为2.8,-11.46和0.02 K。结果表明,HJ-1B热红外通道星上定标方法中以查找表法星上定标系数计算结果精度较高。同时证明了基于光谱响应差异的HJ-1B热红外通道星上定标系数验证方法有效可行。     

Rank-based deactivation model for networks with age

We study the impact of age on network evolution which couples addition of new nodes and deactivation of old ones. During evolution, each node experiences two stages: active and inactive. The transition from the active state to the inactive one is based on the rank of the node. In this paper, we adopt age as a criterion of ranking, and propose two deactivation models that generalize previous research. In model A, the older active node possesses the higher rank, whereas in model B, the younger active node takes the higher rank. We make a comparative study between the two models through the node-degree distribution.     

黑土腐殖酸的近红外光谱测定

研究了我国黑土腐殖酸碳含量及其光化学性质,并探索了利用近红外光谱分析法(near infrared spectroscopy, NIRS)对其进行预测的潜力。针对东北典型黑土带土壤样品,利用偏最小二乘法(PLSr)建立定量模型,并用独立样本对模型进行检验。结果表明,模型对腐殖酸碳、胡敏酸碳和富里酸碳含量的预测效果很好,NIRS对富里酸碳和胡敏酸碳的465 nm(E₄)和预测结果也较好,665 nm光密度(E₆)的预测达到可接受水平。胡敏酸碳和富里酸碳含量与SOC的相关性,高于其与NIRS模型预测值的相关性,二者光化学性质与SOC的相关性则低于其与模型预测值的相关性。NIRS在简化黑土腐殖酸碳、胡敏酸碳和富里酸碳含量和光密度测定领域具有很好的应用前景,且能够反映SOC性质方面的信息。     

Time-varying networks based on activation and deactivation mechanisms

A class of models for activity-driven networks is proposed in which nodes vary in two states: active and inactive.Only active nodes can receive links from others which represent instantaneous dynamical interactions. The evolution of the network couples the addition of new nodes and state transitions of old ones. The active group changes with activated nodes entering and deactivated ones leaving. A general differential equation framework is developed to study the degree distribution of nodes of integrated networks where four different schemes are formulated.     

Thermodynamic and transport properties of spiro-(1,1')-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate and acetonitrile mixtures:A molecular dynamics study

Organic salts such as spiro-(1,1')-bipyrrolidinium tetrafluoroborate([SBP][BF4]) dissolved in liquid acetonitrile(ACN) are a new kind of organic salt solution,which is expected to be used as an electrolyte in electrical double layer capacitors(EDLCs).To explore the physicochemical properties of the solution,an all-atom force field is established on the basis of AMBER parameter values and quantum mechanical calculations.Molecular dynamics(MD) simulations are carried out to explore the liquid structure and physicochemical properties of [SBP][BF4] electrolyte at room temperature.The computed thermodynamic and transport properties match the available experimental results very well.The microscopic structures of [SBP][BF4] salt solution are also discussed in detail.The method used in this work provides an efficient way of predicting the properties of organic salt solvent as an electrolyte in EDLCs.     

ICP-MS用于云南南部四种特色蜂蜜的植物源鉴别分析

采用电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术结合化学计量学分析技术对采自云南南部的四种特色蜂蜜中的23种矿物元素进行了分析。结果表明：ICP-MS技术测定蜂蜜中多种矿物元素含量的稳定性、精确度较好,回收率较高;23种矿物元素中有21种元素(Na,Mg,K,Ca,V,Cr,Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,As,Se,Sr,Mo,Cd,Sb,Ba,Tl,Pb)在不同蜂蜜品种间存在显著差异;主成分分析结果显示,前4个主成分的累积方差贡献率达到77.74%,第一主成分中的Mg,Ca,Mn,Co,Sr,Cd,Ba 七种元素包含大部分蜂蜜信息;通过逐步判别分析,Mg, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Sr, Pb共七种元素被筛选出来并用于建立判别函数模型,对所建模型进行回代检验和交叉检验,正确判别率分别为90%和86.7%,表明多元素指标对云南南部四种特色蜂蜜植物源的判别效果较好。鉴于所采蜂蜜样品都来自云南南部,气候和土壤等环境条件类似,四种蜂蜜中矿质元素的差异主要与对应的蜜源植物有关,因此,利用矿质元素差异鉴别蜂蜜植物源具有可行性。     

Controllable synthesis of high aspect ratio Mg_2B_2O_5 nanowires and their applications in reinforced polyhydroxyalkanoate composites

Highly pure magnesium borate （Mg2B2O5） nanowires with an average diameter of - 30 nm, an average length of 15 μm, and a high aspect ratio of - 500 have been synthesized on a large scale via a two-step method. MgBO2（OH） nanowires with high aspect ratios were first prepared via a PVP-assisted hydrothermal technique. Using these nanowires as precursors, single crystalline Mg2B205 nanowires were synthesized by post-annealing treatment at a relatively low temperature of 700 ℃. The important effect of the MgBO2（OH）-Mg2B2O5 conversion process on the morphology of the Mg2B2O5 nanowires was investigated and it was indicated that the recrystallization process plays an important role in the protection of the one-dimensional （1D） nanostructure. Moreover, the rigidity and the toughness of the Mg2B2O5 nanowire- reinforced PHA composites were tremendously improved compared to those of the pure PHA. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of Mg2B2O5 nanowires for reinforcement applications in polymer composites.