稀土三元催化体系ZnO/SiO_2负载化及季铵盐催化CO_2与环氧丙烷合成高分子量聚碳酸酯（英文）

由环氧丙烷(PO)和CO_2交替共聚合成脂肪族聚碳酸亚丙酯,CO_2利用率高,所得产物具有一定的力学性能和生物降解性能,具有广泛应用前景.目前,用于CO_2和环氧化合物共聚的催化体系主要包含锌、钴、镉、铬、铝和稀土等金属活性中心,结构、活性各异的催化剂体系,其催化性能和产物性能也各具特色.其中,稀土三元催化剂(ZnEt_2-甘油-三氯乙酸钇)因合成聚碳酸酯产物的分子量高、碳酸酯单元含量高、聚醚及环碳酸酯副产物少的特点而受到关注.但是由于催化剂催化效率低,聚合时间长,产品成本高,使得工业化规模生产受到限制.本文基于稀土三元催化体系,将催化剂负载于硅胶及锌改性硅胶,优化了其制备条件,同时考察了添加季铵盐对催化CO_2/环氧丙烷共聚合成聚碳酸酯性能的影响.结果表明,在1 L聚合釜中,于3.5 MPa和70 ℃反应条件下,ZnO担载量及ZnO/SiO_2添加量对反应性能均有影响.当3 wt%ZnO/SiO_2的添加量为5 g时,稀土三元催化体系的活性为4845.2 g/mol_(Zn).所得聚合物经过多次纯化处理后,能够有效提高材料的热学性能,即有效除去产物中的ZnO对聚合物的热稳定性有重要作用.添加含有不同阴离子(F~-,Cl~-和Br~-)的季铵盐可显著影响稀土三元催化剂的活性.其中,仅四甲基氟化铵可以明显提高反应活性乃至聚合物分子量.在3 wt%ZnO/SiO_2载体和四甲基氟化铵的协同作用下,稀土三元催化体系的共聚性能明显提升,活性最高可达5223.0 g/mol_(Zn).聚合物结构分析表明,在载体和四甲基氟化铵存在下,聚合物分子量明显提高,可达到20万以上,分子量分布明显变窄,且聚合物结构如碳酸酯的单元含量、副产物含量以及聚合物产品玻璃化温度基本不变,后者均保持在40.41℃.基于此,我们提出了在ZnO改性硅胶载体及四甲基氟化铵存在下稀土三元催化体系催化CO_2/环氧丙烷共聚的反应机理:ZnO/SiO_2载体有利于稀土三元催化体系的分散,而四甲基氟化铵则有利于吸附在ZnEt_2上的环氧丙烷开环     

Modification of the (SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>/MgO/MgCl<Subscript>2</Subscript>)·TiCl<Subscript><Emphasis Type="Italic">x</Emphasis></Subscript> Ziegler-Natta polyethylene catalysts using the third metal elements

Various (SiO₂/MgO/MgCl₂)·TiCl _x Ziegler-Natta catalysts modified by the third metal elements were synthesized by the co-impregnation of water-soluble magnesium and the third metal salts. Several key factors including the electronegativity of the third metal elements, catalyst performances in ethylene homo-polymerization, ethylene/1-hexene copolymerization and hydrogen response were systematically investigated. Both the catalyst performance and the polymer properties are influenced by the introduction of the third metal elements. Compared with the unmodified (SiO₂/MgO/MgCl₂)·TiCl _x Ziegler-Natta catalyst, activity and 1-hexene incorporation are enhanced by the introduction of zirconium, vanadium, aluminum and chromium, while deteriorated by the addition of ferrum, nickel, molybdenum and tungsten. Correlations of the catalyst activities and 1-hexene incorporation ability with the electronegativity of the third metal elements are discovered. It is found that the lower electronegativity of the third metal elements leads to the catalyst with higher activity and higher α-olefin co-polymerization ability. The polyethylene produced by a nickel modified catalyst showed broad molecular weight distribution (MWD) and the lowest average molecular weight (MW), while by using a ferrum modified catalyst, the resulting polyethylene had the highest MW, reaching the ultra-high MW area. Vanadium and chromium modified catalysts demonstrated the best hydrogen response.     

程序升温反应法由纳米氧化铁制备纳米氮化铁

先以廉价的无机铁盐为主要原料,采用沉淀法和溶胶凝胶法制备纳米氧化铁粒子,由此得到粒径大小在10～20nm,20～40nm和40～60nm的氧化铁,在此基础上,以纳米氧化铁为前体,在氨气气氛下由程序升温反应法制备纳米氮化铁.研究发现,纳米氧化铁经程序升温反应氮化后,可以制备出纳米尺度的氮化铁.不同大小的氧化铁纳米粒子氮化后尺寸存在明显的差异,在一定范围内,小粒径的纳米氧化铁氮化后更容易长大;对于大小相近的γ相与α相纳米氧化铁粒子,γ氧化铁纳米粒子氮化后尺寸增大更为显著.制得的氮化铁的形貌与其氧化铁前体保持一致.     

掺钕石英光纤中的1.08μm超辐射

用Ar离子514.5nm激光泵浦,在掺钕石英光纤中产生了1.08μm的超辐射,产生的最大输出功率6mW,线宽3nm。实验结果和理论拟合较好。