金属有机化学气相沉积法制备ZnO和ZnO∶Ni薄膜及其特性分析

采用金属有机化学气相沉积法制备了ZnO和ZnO∶Ni薄膜,并对它们的结构、光学和电学特性进行了对比研究.通过扫描电子显微镜( SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)对薄膜的表面形貌和晶体结构进行了分析,结果表明,Ni元素的掺杂虽然降低了薄膜的晶体质量,但并未改变ZnO的纤锌矿结构.通过紫外-可见分光光度计对薄膜的光学特性进行了...     

依替米星分离纯化工艺中快速在线检测方法的研究

以聚苯乙烯反相色谱柱为固定相,建立高效液相色谱-示差检测法(HPLC-RI)快速在线检测依替米星含量。采用MKF-RP-ETM色谱柱(300×7.8 mm,5μm),流动相为0.4 mol/L乙酸钠缓冲液(pH5.5),流速为1.0 mL/min。结果表明,MKF-RP-ETM色谱柱和HPLC-RI法可方便、快速用于分析鉴定依替米星及杂质,依替米星保留时间约为14 min,与杂质能够达到基线分离。本方法较之薄层色谱法、衍生化法,可方便、快速、有效地用于依替米星发酵液生产、纯化过程中快速在线检测。     

Study of heat transfer characteristics in PCFG fabrication technology using heat method

The fiber gratings fabrication technology with the heating method in a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) based on structural change is examined. The principle of photonic crystal fiber gratings (PCFGs) is analyzed in theory. The heat transfer theory and finite element method are used to examine the thermal field distribution in the fiber and the influence of the air hole structure in the cladding, and the parameters of the laser beam in the process of grating fabrication are discussed. The results show that gratings can be formed by the periodic collapse of air holes in the cladding of PCFs. Under double-point heating condition, the energy is uniformly distributed in the radial direction and is approximate to Gaussian distribution in the axial direction. With the same size of the luminous spot, as the layers and radius of the air holes increase, the laser power needed to make the air holes collapse decreases. With the same laser power, as the luminous spot radius increases, the needed heating time increases. Moreover, the relationship between the laser power needed and the air filling rate is obtained as the number of layers of the air holes changes from 1 to 7. This kind of PCFG can overcome the long-term thermal instability of conventional gratings in substance and thus has great potential applications in the related field of optical fiber sensors.     

Influence of Gamma-Ray Irradiation on Absorption and Fluorescent Spectra of Nd：YAG and Yb：YAG Laser Crystals

We investigate the influence of gamma-ray irradiation on the absorption and fluorescent spectra of Nd^3＋：Y3A15 O12 （Nd： YAG） and Yb^3＋ ： Y3A15 O12 （Yb： YAG） crystals grown by the Czochralski method. Two additional absorption （AA） bands induced by gamma-ray irradiation appear at 255nm and 340nm. The former is contributed due to Fe^3＋ impurity, the latter is due to Fe^2＋ ions and F-type colour centres. The intensity of the excitation and emission spectra as well as the fluorescent lifetime of Nd：YAG crystal decrease after the irradiation of 100 Mrad gamma-ray. In contrast, the same dose irradiation does not impair the fluorescent properties of Yb：YAG crystal. These results indicate that Yb： YA G crystal possesses the advantage over Nd： YA G crystal that has better reliability for applications in harsh radiant environment.     

Effect of the Tensor Force on Charge-Exchange Spin-Dependent Multipole Excitations

The charge-exchange spin-dipole （SD） and spin-quadrupole （SQ） strength functions of 90Zr are calculated with and without the tensor terms of the Skyrme interaction in self-consistent HF＋RPA approach. It is found that, in SD and SQ transitions, the RPA correlations associated with the tensor terms shin dramatically the strengths of （Ylσ）λ = l？1 and （Ylσ）λ = 1 modes upward and downward, respectively, and also shift the strengths of （Ylσ）λ = l ＋ 1 modes upward. The coupling between （Yl = λ ？ 1σ）λ and （Yl = λ ＋ 1σ）λ modes arising from the tensor correlation is noticeable. The RPA tensor correlations produce strengths of SD and SQ modes, which are distributed in a much wider energy range, and the （Ylσ）λ = l ？ 1 modes dominate the high energy part of the strength functions. These energy shifts and coupling effects of different modes can be understood qualitatively by expressing a finite range tensor force in a separable form.     

纪念黄胜年先生逝世一周年

2010年1月8日是黄胜年先生逝世周年纪念日.我们特写此文来缅怀这位新中国培养的核物理学家、受人爱戴的同事.     

基于红外辐射特性系统实现对面目标测量

地基红外经纬仪是测量空间军事和科学目标红外数据的重要手段之一。随着现代武器技术在隐身上方面的快速发展,面源体测量越显重要,而辐射亮度是面源红外作战的关键性指标。因此研究可靠的面积分析方法和辐射亮度计算方法对测试航空目标的隐身性能以及研制面源红外假目标具有重要的意义。本文提出一种简单可靠的面目标的提取方法,并利用该面源提取方法在某600 mm口径的红外经纬仪上进行辐射测量,测量数据经大气修正后将与标准亮度值进行比较。实验结果表明,利用本文提出的方法反演的辐射亮度的最大误差为11.38%,均方根误差为7.36%。     

超分子聚合物增强增韧的羧基丁腈橡胶

通过1,12-二氨基十二烷(DDA)和丙烯酸(AA)之间的反应合成了一系列通过氢键连接的具有不同结构的超分子聚合物，并将其与羧基丁腈橡胶(XNBR)和加工助剂共混，样品硫化后在橡胶基体中原位构筑超分子聚合物，制备了兼具高的强度和韧性的硫磺硫化的XNBR。结果表明：加入不同的超分子聚合物，材料的拉伸强度、模量和韧性较空白样品均有所提高。当DDA与AA的摩尔比为1∶3时合成的超分子聚合物添加到XNBR中时，材料的拉伸强度和断裂能分别是空白样品的2.1和2.7倍。这是由于在材料受力拉伸时，超分子聚合物自身的氢键以及超分子聚合物与羧基丁腈橡胶中的羧基间的氢键作为弱键会优先于共价键断裂，在此过程中耗散了大量的能量，避免材料因应力集中过早地被破坏，从而显著提高了材料的拉伸强度和韧性。另外，通过循环拉伸测试和变速拉伸实验，进一步揭示了能量耗散的机理。     

基于问题串培养学生技术核心素养的教学设计——以吹气模式下“吸附”不同形状物体为例

本文通过对项目任务“吹气模式下‘吸附’不同形状物体”教学设计的案例呈现，详细阐述立足伯努利原理这一根基，基于问题推动教学任务的项目实践活动教学设计。层层递进的问题使得教学方式由传授式转为探究式教学，更有益于学生深度学习，培养高中生技术学科核心素养。     

海底控制点水声定位测距误差的近似数学表达式

针对水声定位声线跟踪法计算换能器到应答器斜距值测距误差规律难以把握的问题，研究了测距误差的近似数学表达式。首先分析了控制点定位声速不确定性引起的测距误差机理；其次基于声速剖面和传播时间的线性理论（ST定理）推导了测距误差的近似数学表达式，并分析了使用harmonic平均声速代替有效声速对测距误差数学表达式结果的影响。仿真试验结果表明，该数学表达式对测距误差估值的绝对误差随斜距值（或初始入射角）的增大而增大，在水深为3000 m，初始入射角在80°以内时，估值的绝对误差在1 cm以内，当初始入射角达到86°左右时，估值的绝对误差约7 cm，为水下静态目标定位以及水下载体动态导航定位中的声速误差修正问题提供了新的解决思路。