YBa2Cu3O7-x高温导电性的研究

本文将以YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x的高温实验为基础,分析和讨论了氧对YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x高温导电性的影响以及一维Cu—0链的导电作用。还报道了一种新现象,即在高温下,一旦氮气被换成氧气,YBa₂Cu₃O_7-x就迅速地发生从半导体到金属的结构相变。 关键词：     

聚氧乙烯与非等摩尔正负离子表面活性剂混合体系的相互作用

通过黏度、动态光散射和透射电镜方法研究了聚氧乙烯(PEO)对正负离子混合表面活性剂癸基磺酸钠(C₁₀SO₃)-癸基三乙基溴化铵(C₁₀NE)聚集体的影响. 实验结果表明, 加入PEO后, 非等摩尔C₁₀SO₃-C₁₀NE混合物的聚集体大小没有明显改变, 只有等摩尔混合物的聚集体发生了明显的长大, 且仍为囊泡, 说明PEO只对囊泡体系有显著的影响, 对胶团体系则没有明显的影响. 在接近等摩尔混合时, 混合体系中C₁₀SO₃与C₁₀NE过量程度相同的情况下, PEO对C₁₀NE过量的体系影响更大. PEO对囊泡体系的影响主要表现为PEO通过对囊泡的“空缺絮凝”作用(Depletion interaction)使囊泡长大, 而对于非等摩尔混合的胶团溶液, 由于胶团之间存在较强的静电排斥作用而无法发生聚集. PEO对C₁₀NE过量的体系影响更大, 主要是由于C10NE过量体系中的聚集体比C10SO3过量体系中的更接近于等摩尔组成.     

大活络丸原子吸收指纹图谱和鉴别的研究Ⅰ. 建立生产厂的厂标的无机元素指纹图谱的探讨

目前中药绝大多数指纹图谱都是对中药有机成分,进行研究和建立的指纹图谱,建立无机元素指纹图谱的研究未见报道。文章通过对江西樟树制药厂生产的27批次的大活络丸用原子吸收光谱仪测定的12种无机元素及其建立指纹图谱的研究,尝试用向量相似法和成分数据分析法对大活络丸和不同种类的中药进行鉴别。研究表明无机元素用这两种方法具有较强的预测能力,完全可以达到区分和鉴别是否是大活络丸的效果; 并且证明中药无机元素质量控制标准的建立是可行的。文章通过无机元素指纹图谱建立和不同种类中药的鉴别,为目前中药无机元素质量标准的建立提供了新思路、新方法。     

原子级控制的约瑟夫森结中Al2O3势垒层制备工艺

传统热氧化方式制备约瑟夫森结中AlO_X势垒层是将高纯度氧气扩散到Al表面进行,但该方式制备的势垒层氧化不完全,厚度难以精准控制.本文采用原子层沉积方式在金属Ti表面逐层生长Al₂O₃势垒层,并制备出三明治结构的Ti/Al₂O₃/Ti约瑟夫森结.通过调节Al₂O₃势垒层的沉积厚度和约瑟夫森结的面积研究了其相应的微观结构及电学性质.实验结果表明,原子层沉积方式生长的单层Al₂O₃薄膜厚度约为1.17?(1?=10^-10 m),达到原子级控制势垒层厚度,通过调节势垒层厚度实现了对结室温电阻值的控制,并通过优化结面积获得了室温电阻均匀性良好的约瑟夫森结.     

阳离子碳氢/碳氟表面活性剂与中性高聚物相互作用的研究

研究了阳离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基三烷基溴化铵[C12H25N(CnH2n＋1)3Br, n＝1, 2, 3, 4]和阳离子碳氟表面活性剂F[CF(CF3)CF2O]2CF(CF3)CONH(CH2)3N(C2H5)2CH3I (FCI-2)分别与中性高聚物聚氧乙烯(PEO, 分子量20000)和聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯三嵌段共聚物[(EO)76(PO)29(EO)76, F68]的相互作用. 结果表明, 所用的碳氢阳离子表面活性剂与PEO和F68均无相互作用, 但碳氟阳离子表面活性剂FCI-2与PEO和F68均具有明显的相互作用, 而且F68与FCI-2的相互作用强于PEO与FCI-2体系. 结果也初步表明碳氟表面活性剂与高聚物的相互作用强于碳氢表面活性剂-高聚物体系.     

Energy cooperation in quantum thermoelectric systems with multiple electric currents

The energy efficiency and output power of a quantum thermoelectric system with multiple electric currents and only one heat current are studied.The system is connected to the hot heat bath(cold bath)through one terminal(multiple terminals).In such configurations,there are multiple thermoelectric effects coexisting in the system.Using the Landauer–Buttiker formalism,we show that the cooperation between the two thermoelectric effects in the three-terminal thermoelectric systems can lead to markedly improved performance of the heat engine.Such improvement also occurs in four-terminal thermoelectric heat engines with three output electric currents.Cooperative effects in these multi-terminal thermoelectric systems can considerably enlarge the physical parameter region that realizes high energy efficiency and output power.For refrigeration,we find that the energy efficiency can also be substantially improved by exploiting the cooperative effects in multi-terminal thermoelectric systems.All these results reveal a useful approach toward high-performance thermoelectric energy conversion in multi-terminal mesoscopic systems.     

液/固界面多肽分子组装精细结构的扫描隧道显微镜研究

介绍了与蛋白构象病相关的淀粉样多肽分子组装结构的研究进展.综述了在固体、溶液以及界面等不同状态下多肽分子组装结构的表征方法,对于扫描隧道显微技术(STM)在解析多肽分子界面组装结构方面的研究进展进行了重点评述,主要包括在液/固界面上的多肽分子组装结构的精细特征,界面诱导的多肽构象转变,调节分子、染料等与多肽组装结构的相互作用模式和位点识别等.     

沸腾-凝结面间距对沸腾凝结共存相变传热规律的影响

给出了在低热流密度下沸腾-凝结面间距(相变腔高度)对沸腾凝结共存相变传热规律影响的实验研究结果。沸腾工质为去离子水,相变腔由水平朝上且具有薄膜延展面的紫铜沸腾面、抛光且朝下的冷凝面以及玻璃管侧壁面组成。高度为48 mm的相变腔对应充液高度分别为10 mm、14 mm、18 mm、22 mm、26 mm、30 mm和34 mm;高度为18 mm的相变腔对应充液高度分别为6 mm、8 mm、10 mm和12 mm。实验观察和测试结果表明,在所给定的有限空间范围内沸腾和凝结之间存在明显的相互作用,沸腾和凝结之间的这种相互作用及程度是引起传热变化的主要原因。随着液面高度的增加,沸腾和凝结表面传热系数均先增加后减小,同时,在本文研究所涉及的范围内,均存在一个使沸腾和凝结表面传热系数最大的充液高度,这说明沸腾-凝结面距离对沸腾凝结共存相变传热规律的影响具有一定的普遍性。     

海天目标三维实时红外场景仿真

提出了一种海天目标三维实时红外场景的仿真方法。首先建立了场景的3D物理模型,然后根据黑体辐射理论分别计算出背景与目标的红外辐射特性。考虑到气温对成像的影响,以及探测器分别对3～5μm与8～12μm波段的响应率,根据物体的表观温度对视场内的红外图像进行显示。最后将背景与目标进行融合得到最终的仿真场景。通过提出的方法对海面...     

Helium-hydrogen synergistic effects on swelling in in-situ multiple-ion beams irradiated steels

The development of reliable fusion energy is one of the most important challenges in this century. The accelerated degradation of structural materials in fusion reactors caused by neutron irradiation would cause severe problems. Due to the lack of suitable fusion neutron testing facilities, we have to rely on ion irradiation experiments to test candidate materials in fusion reactors. Moreover, fusion neutron irradiation effects are accompanied by the simultaneous transmutation production of helium and hydrogen. One important method to study the He-H synergistic effects in materials is multiple simultaneous ion beams (MSIB) irradiation that has been studied for decades. To date, there is no convincing conclusion on these He-H synergistic effects among these experiments. Recently, a multiple ion beam in-situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis facility was developed in Xiamen University (XIAMEN facility), which is the first triple beam system and the only in-running in-situ irradiation facility with TEM in China. In this work, we conducted the first high-temperature triple simultaneous ion beams irradiation experiment with TEM observation using the XIAMEN facility. The responses to in-situ triple-ion beams irradiation in austenitic steel 304L SS and ferritic/martensitic steel CLF-1 were studied and compared with the results in dual- and single-ion beam(s) irradiated steels. Synergistic effects were observed in MSIB irradiated steels. Helium was found to be critical for cavity formation, while hydrogen has strong synergistic effect on increasing swelling.