汽车氢化物空调机用贮氢合金的研究

针对汽车发动机尾气废热为驱动热源的应用要求，研究了一对新的稀土系贮氢合金对Ｌａ０．６Ｍｌ０．４Ｎｉ４．７Ｃｒ０．８－Ｌａ０．２Ｍｍ０．８Ｎｉ４．３５Ｆｅ０．６５。该合金对在１５０～２５０℃／３５～４５℃／１５～２０℃工作温度下做制冷循环时，最大工作氢容量为４．５Ｈ／ｍｏｌＭ，理论特性系数ＣＯＰｃ为０．７４，可基本满足氢化物空调机应用要求。     

取代基效应对褐煤模型化合物离解焓影响的理论研究

为了探究褐煤热解过程中氧桥键C-O均裂这一重要反应, 选取α-O-4和β-O-4类结构单元作为褐煤模型化合物, 运用不同密度泛函计算了部分模型化合物中C-O的离解焓, 并以CBS-QB3作为理论基准值进行比较, 最后选取M05-2X进行离解焓计算. 结果显示, 对于选定的α-O-4和β-O-4类模型化合物, 其平均离解焓分别为51.0 kcal/mol和66.1 kcal/mol. 周围取代环境能显著影响C-O离解焓, 芳环上存在给电子基团(OH, OCH₃和CH₃)能降低C-O离解焓, 而吸电子基团COOH则能增加其离解焓. 然后深层次分析了取代基效应对C-O离解焓的影响. 此外, 分子内氢键的形成对离解焓也有很大的影响. C-O的离解焓与其键长没有特定的相关性, 不能简单的通过C-O键长来预测其离解焓.     

Hydrogen Sensors Based on AlGaN/AlN/GaN Schottky Diodes

Pt/AlGaN/AlN/GaN Schottky diodes are fabricated and characterized for hydrogen sensing. The Pt Schottky contact and the Ti/Al/Ni/Au ohmic contact are formed by evaporation. Both the forward and reverse currents of the device increase greatly when exposed to hydrogen gas. A shift of 0.3 V at 300 K is obtained at a fixed forward current after switching from N2 to 10%H2＋N2. The sensor responses under different concentrations from 50ppm H2 to 10%H2＋N2 at 373K are investigated. Time dependences of the device forward current at 0.5 V forward bias in N2 and air atmosphere at 300 and 373K are compared. Oxygen in air azcelerates the desorption of the hydrogen and the recovery of the sensor. Finally, the decrease of the Schottky barrier height and sensitivity Of the sensor are calculated.     

Nonsingularity in two-dimensional cylindrical invisible cloaks

The method of designing electromagnetic invisible cloaks is usually based on the form-invariance of Maxwell's equations in coordinate transformation. The exterior boundary of a cylindrical invisible cloak is unchanged and the interior boundary is extended from that of a point to that of a cylindrical region in coordination transformation. This transformation process makes perfect cloaks, but it causes singularity in the constitutive material parameters of cloaks. This singularity makes the cloaks impossible to realize in practice. In order to remove this singularity, this paper sets a small cylindrical region replacing a point in the space transformation. The cylindrical region is so small that it does not affect the invisibility effects, but it can remove the singularity for material parameters. Full wave simulations based on the finite element method were used to verify the designed cloaks.     

14MeV中子与铈元素的（n，2n）反应截面测量

在本工作中，铈元素14MeV中子（n，2n）反应截面通过^27Al（n，α）^24Na标准反应截面相对测量获得，^27Al（n，α）^24Na活化反应截面被推荐为一级放射计量标准截面，作为标准值被广泛用于放射剂量和活化测量中，尤其是在13．和14．9MeV能区，该反应截面的不确定度小于1．0％，适合作为相对测量反应截面使用。     

Infrared Spectra and Pyrolysis of Selected Molecular Models of Coal: Insight from Density Functional Calculations

Equilibrium structures and infrared spectra of four typical molecular models of coal have been studied by density functional calculations. Combining theoretical calculations on the coal models with experimental FT-IR spectra of selected low rank perhydrous coals, a plausible molecular representation for this kind of coals was proposed, and its predicted IR spectra reasonably match the experimental observation. Calculations indicate that the cleavage of the C-C bridge bond for the coal structures considered here occurs at about 540 ℃ and the C-O ether bridge bond may break under temperature ranging from 500 to 600 ℃ for the aryl-CH2-O-CH2-aryl ether bond or from 200 to 300 ℃ for the aryl-CH2-O-aryl ether bond, showing remarkable effect of the local structural environment. The coal model containing the carboxyl group may release CO2 at about 300 ℃ through the decarboxylation with a barrier of 69 kcal/mol.     

Ti-Zr催化剂对NaH/Al复合物可逆储氢特性的影响

采用机械球磨(NaH/Al+Ti)和(NaH/Al+Ti-Zr)复合物的方法加氢制备了NaAlH4配位氢化物, 系统研究了Ti、Ti-Zr催化剂以及不同加氢条件对其可逆储氢行为的影响. 结果表明, 对于NaH/Al体系的吸放氢性能, 共掺金属Ti粉/Zr粉的催化作用比单独掺金属Ti粉的催化作用要好. 随着加氢温度从85 ℃上升到140 ℃, 体系的吸氢容量先增后减, 并在120 ℃时达到最大值; 同时, 发现共掺Ti-Zr催化剂的复合物具有最佳的储氢性能, 在120和85 ℃时的吸氢量分别为4.61%和3.52%(w), 比仅掺Ti 催化剂的复合物分别高出0.40%和0.70%(w)的吸氢量. 随着加氢压力的增大, (NaH/Al+Ti-Zr)复合物的吸氢性能随之提高. XRD和DSC分析结果表明, NaAlH4体系的放氢过程明显发生两步分解反应, 共掺Ti-Zr催化剂的复合物储氢性能优于单独掺Ti 催化剂的原因是, 共掺催化剂能有效改善NaAlH4体系吸放氢反应的动力学性能,并降低体系的放氢温度.     

非晶Mg-Fe复合物的机械球磨制备及其电化学储氢特性

研究了机械球磨制备的(2Mg+Fe)+x%Ni(x=0, 50, 100, 200)复合物的微结构和电化学储氢性能. 结果表明, 不加镍粉时, 镁粉与铁粉混合物经120 h球磨后仍然为纯镁与纯铁两相组织, 其电化学放电容量不到20 mA·h/g. 而加入镍粉和提高球磨强度有助于Mg-Fe非晶的形成, 并使颗粒尺寸减小, 添加镍粉越多, Mg-Fe非晶化程度越高, 放电容量越大, 而组合钢球混合球磨的粉末比等径钢球球磨的非晶化程度更高, 颗粒也更加细小均匀. 在x=100时, 不同尺寸和等径钢球球磨120 h合成的Mg₂Fe非晶复合物的最大放电容量分别达到542.0和455.3 mA·h/g.