α,β,γ,δ-四-(4-吡啶)卟啉荧光熄灭法测定痕量铜的研究

本文利用Cu(Ⅱ)对α、β、Υ、δ-四-(4-吡啶)卟啉(TPyrP)的荧光熄灭作用,提出测定痕量铜的荧光光度法。在强酸性介质中,TPyrP的荧光峰为658nm,检测下限为0.4ppb,大量共存离子不影响Cu(Ⅱ)的测定。本法灵敏度高,选择性好,可用于直接测定纯铝中的铜。     

含有双甜菜碱衍生物/SCN-混合配体的镉配合物的合成及晶体结构分析

A new coordination polymer of Cd(Ⅱ) was prepared by the reaction of Cd(ClO₄)₂·6H₂O with mixed ligands, namely, neutral double betaine derivative 1,3-bis(pyridinio-4-carboxylato)propane and SCN^- anion in aqueous solution. The crystal structure of 1 has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction methods. Crystal data for 1: orthorhombic, space group P2₁2₁2₁, a=1.050 9(2), b=1.162 8(2), c=1.649 5(3) nm, V=2.015 7(7) nm³, Z=4, F(000)=1 064, D_c=1.756 g·cm^-3, the final R=0.050 8 and wR=0.130 1 for 3 530 observed reflections [I>2σ(I)]. Crystal structure of 1 indicates that the ( μ-1,3-NCS) bridging NCS^- ligand connects neighboring cadmium atoms, leading to a single strand helical chain which propagates along crystallographic a axis. The metallic nodes of adjacent helical chains are linked by monodentate-monodentate coordination mode of both carboxylate groups in L molecules to generate 2D coordination sheet which parallels to the (001) plane. Adjacent layers are further joined by C-H…O hydrogen bonds; the structure thus expanded into a three-dimensional network. CCDC: 612657.     

THERMAL ACTIVATION OF IMMOBILIZED PAPAIN

Papain (Papainase, EC 3.4.22.2) was immobilized on porous silica beadsby cross linking with glutaraldehyde. The thermal activation of this immobilized papainin aqueous system was found at a temperature range from 50 to 90℃. The higher thetemperature, the more active the immobilized papain will possess. At the same time,the durability of the immobilized papain on heating was greatly improved. The effect ofadditives and salts on the activity of the immobilized papain were also studied. The resultsshowed that the additives and some of the salts studied could markedly enhance the activityof the immobilized papain at elevated temperature.     

Two-dimensional transport and strong spin-orbit interaction in SrMnSb_2

We have carried out magneto-transport measurements for single crystal SrMnSb_2. Clear Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations were resolved at relatively low magnetic field around 4 T, revealing a quasi-2D Fermi surface. We observed a development of quantized plateaus in Hall resistance(R_(xy)) at high pulsed fields up to 60 T. Due to the strong 2D confinement and layered properties of the samples, we interpreted the observation as bulk quantum Hall effect that is contributed by the parallel 2D conduction channels. Moreover, the spin degeneracy was lifted leading to Landau level splitting. The presence of anisotropic g factor and the formation of the oscillation beating pattern reveal a strong spin-orbit interaction in the SrMnSb_2 system.     

电场预处理对藻菌共生体处理养猪废水的影响机制分析

随着畜禽养殖业规模化集约化的发展,畜禽养殖废水已经成为了农业面源污染的主要来源,但其自身包含大量碳氮磷等营养元素又是重要的农业资源。针对养猪废水高色度浊度、高碳氮磷的特点,引入电场预处理来降低废水的色度、浊度,在促进藻菌共生体生长的同时提高废水中污染物的去除效率。结果表明：电场预处理能使养猪废水中的色度、浊度得到有效降低,铁、铝做阳极时色度、浊度的去除率均能达到90%以上。经电场预处理的废水在藻菌共生体的培养上也有更优的表现,铁、铝做阳极组中藻菌共生体对COD、TN、TP的7 d去除率分别为59.09%、61.78%、68.96%和62.26%、62.26%、83.92%,优于未经电场预处理组的47.82%、59.3%、60.48%。此外,铁、铝做阳极组和未经电场预处理组叶绿素含量分别从7.63、7.32、7.37 mg·L^-1,增长到24.39、26.08、12.98 mg·L^-1,是接种时的3.20、3.54、1.70倍,电场预处理明显提高了藻菌共生体中叶绿素的含量。说明电场预处理能有效提升藻菌共生体对污染物的去除效果,并获得更大的生物质...     

污泥中氟喹诺酮类微污染物的测定方法研究

污泥中累积了高浓度的氟喹诺酮类(Fluoroquinolones, FQs)有机微污染物, 对生态环境和人类健康潜在危害巨大. 本文对污泥中氧氟沙星(Ofloxacin, OFL)、诺氟沙星(Norfloxacin, NOR)、环丙沙星(Ciprofloxacin, CIP) 3种FQs的固相萃取-液相色谱分析方法进行优化研究. 结果表明, 污泥经EDTA-Na2、磷酸盐溶液-乙腈混合液(11, pH=3)超声提取两次, 提取液经HLB固相萃取柱富集纯化, 甲醇和碱性甲醇洗脱, 洗脱液经氮吹浓缩后, 污泥中FQs的回收率较高. 液相色谱测定流程经优化后为C18色谱柱为分离柱、甲醇/水溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 荧光检测器检测. 色谱图中OFL、NOR、CIP具有较好的分离效果, 污泥中OFL、NOR、CIP回收率为48.1%~ 53.4%.     

同步互动式评课在教研活动中的尝试

“同步互动式”评课,能有效地帮助和指导青年教师快速成长,特别是评课者、授课者、听课者之间思维的碰撞,更有利于教师教科研水平的迅速提升。“同步互动式”评课有2个要点：一是侧重于“同步”,二是新颖于“互动”。“同步互动式”评课有2种方式：一是利用录像课进行同步互动式评课,二是利用录播手段进行同步互动式评课。“同步互动式”评课已成为教科研活动的新亮点。     

微脉冲激光雷达水平探测气溶胶两种反演算法对比与误差分析

大气气溶胶对人类健康、环境和气候系统具有重要的影响。微脉冲激光雷达(MPL)是一种新型的探测大气气溶胶水平分布的有效工具,而消光系数的反演和误差分析是其数据处理的重要内容。为了探测近地面大气气溶胶的水平分布情况,采用分段斜率法和Fernald算法对合肥地区实测MPL水平数据进行了消光系数反演,并将反演结果进行了对比和误差分析。误差分析表明,分段斜率法和Fernald算法的误差分别主要来源于其理论模型和多个假设条件。虽然分段斜率法和Fernald算法应用于大气水平消光系数的反演都仍存在一定的问题,精确度有待提高,但都能在一定程度上反映出气溶胶粒子的时空分布特征,与前向散射能见度仪的测量结果相关性都能达到95%以上,具有一定的可行性。且相对来说,Fernald法更适用于大气非均匀分布情况下消光系数的反演。     

锰基催化剂在催化柴油炭烟燃烧中的应用

柴油机排放的炭烟颗粒引起了严重的环境污染并对人体健康造成了极大的危害,引起人们的广泛关注。目前,催化净化技术是控制柴油机尾气炭烟颗粒排放最有效和研究最广泛的技术手段之一,其中高性能催化剂的研发是催化净化技术应用最为关键的因素。本文总结了近年来锰基催化剂材料在催化柴油机炭烟燃烧中的研究进展,重点介绍了单组分锰基催化剂、复合结构锰基氧化物催化剂、固定结构锰基氧化物催化剂(钙钛矿型、尖晶石型、水滑石型)等的研究进展,并简述了锰基催化剂材料在同时消除炭烟颗粒和氮氧化物方面的研究进展。最后,提出了锰基催化剂在催化柴油机炭烟燃烧中存在的问题并对其发展前景进行了展望。     

在化学教学中推广科普知识——以趣谈指纹显现技术为例

指纹是公认的法庭科学"证据之首",指纹显现技术是寻找指纹的第一步,也是关键步骤。笔者在本科生通选课程"化学与现代社会"的"化学与刑事技术"一章中,采用翻转课堂和基于小组学习(Team-BasedLearning,TBL)的授课方式,鼓励学生将指纹拟人化为一名面孔多变的"怪盗",将各种指纹显现技术人格化为指纹显现技术部的侦查员,以趣谈的形式介绍了几种指纹显现技术中所涉及的化学原理,丰富了学生对指纹显现技术科学认识的同时,提高了其科学素养和学习兴趣。